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CEGL002448 Pinus banksiana - Picea mariana / Vaccinium spp. / Pleurozium schreberi Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Jack Pine - Black Spruce / Blueberry species / Schreber''s Big Red-stem Moss Forest
Colloquial Name: Jack Pine - Black Spruce / Red-stem Moss Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This jack pine - black spruce forest type is found in the boreal regions of central Canada and the adjacent United States. Stands occur on flat areas and gentle upper and lower slopes but not on ridges or valley floors. Soils are moderately deep (60-80 cm) sands, coarse loams, or silts with boulders often present at or near the surface. Pinus banksiana is usually the dominant canopy species but has little successful reproduction. Picea mariana is of secondary importance in the canopy but often the most abundant tree species in the lower strata. Other trees found in this community include Abies balsamea, Acer rubrum, Picea glauca, and Populus tremuloides. Tall and low shrubs are moderately common, while herbaceous species are infrequent. Mosses, especially Pleurozium schreberi, are abundant. Common shrubs are the tall shrubs Alnus viridis, Amelanchier spp., and Corylus cornuta, and the low shrubs Diervilla lonicera, Gaultheria procumbens, Vaccinium angustifolium, and Vaccinium myrtilloides. Herbaceous species include Eurybia macrophylla, Clintonia borealis, Cornus canadensis, and Maianthemum canadense.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: The canopy of this community is usually dominated by Pinus banksiana, but the overall ecological and floristic relationships appear to be closer to other communities in the alliance (Grigal and Ohmann 1975, Sims et al. 1989). In Ontario, this type is most similar to V32, which is closely related to V33 (Black Spruce/Feathermoss) (= CEGL002447) (Sims et al. (1989). But this type may represent the hemi-boreal stands of this region, which may affect how the stands are crosswalked to northwestern Ontario types.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: Pinus banksiana is usually the dominant canopy species but has little successful reproduction. Picea mariana is of secondary importance in the canopy but often the most abundant tree species in the lower strata (Grigal and Ohmann 1975). Other trees found in this community include Abies balsamea, Acer rubrum, Picea glauca, and Populus tremuloides. Tall and low shrubs are moderately common, while herbaceous species are infrequent. Mosses, especially Pleurozium schreberi, are abundant. Common shrubs are the tall shrubs Alnus viridis, Amelanchier spp., and Corylus cornuta, and the low shrubs Diervilla lonicera, Gaultheria procumbens, Vaccinium angustifolium, and Vaccinium myrtilloides. Herbaceous species include Eurybia macrophylla (= Aster macrophyllus), Clintonia borealis, Cornus canadensis, and Maianthemum canadense. Grigal and Ohmann (1975) found that Pleurozium schreberi had 41% ground cover in 10 stands in northeastern Minnesota, while all herbaceous species had 11% coverage.
Dynamics: No Data Available
Environmental Description: This community is found on flat areas and gentle upper and lower slopes but not on ridges or valley floors (Ohmann and Ream 1971). Soils are moderately deep (60-80 cm) sands, coarse loams, or silts with boulders often present at or near the surface (Ohmann and Ream 1971, Sims et al. 1989).
Geographic Range: This community is found in northeastern Minnesota, northwestern Ontario, and southeastern Manitoba.
Nations: CA,US
States/Provinces: MB, MI, MN, ON, QC
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.686798
Confidence Level: Low
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G5
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.6 Eastern White Pine - Jack Pine - Northern Pin Oak Forest & Woodland Macrogroup | M159 | 1.B.2.Na.6 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.6.c Jack Pine - Red Pine - Black Spruce Subboreal Forest Group | G047 | 1.B.2.Na.6.c |
| Alliance | A3838 Jack Pine - Black Spruce / Blueberry species Subboreal Forest Alliance | A3838 | 1.B.2.Na.6.c |
| Association | CEGL002448 Jack Pine - Black Spruce / Blueberry species / Schreber''s Big Red-stem Moss Forest | CEGL002448 | 1.B.2.Na.6.c |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Pinus banksiana - Picea mariana / Vaccinium spp. / Pleurozium schreberi Forest (Faber-Langendoen 2001)
>< Black Spruce - Jack Pine Forest (Ohmann and Ream 1971)
= Jack Pine - Black Spruce Forest (Grigal and Ohmann 1975)
> Jack Pine - Black Spruce Forest (Ohmann and Ream 1971)
= Jack Pine Forest (Northeast Section) Jack Pine - Black Spruce Subtype (MNNHP 1993)
>< Black Spruce - Jack Pine Forest (Ohmann and Ream 1971)
= Jack Pine - Black Spruce Forest (Grigal and Ohmann 1975)
> Jack Pine - Black Spruce Forest (Ohmann and Ream 1971)
= Jack Pine Forest (Northeast Section) Jack Pine - Black Spruce Subtype (MNNHP 1993)
- CDPNQ [Centre de données sur le patrimoine naturel du Québec]. No date. Unpublished data. Centre de données sur le patrimoine naturel du Québec, Québec.
- Faber-Langendoen, D., editor. 2001. Plant communities of the Midwest: Classification in an ecological context. Association for Biodiversity Information, Arlington, VA. 61 pp. plus appendix (705 pp.).
- Greenall, J. A. 1996. Manitoba''s terrestrial plant communities. MS Report 96-02. Manitoba Conservation Data Centre, Winnipeg.
- Grigal, D. F., and L. F. Ohmann. 1975. Classification, description, and dynamics of upland plant communities within a Minnesota wilderness area. Ecological Monographs 45:389-407.
- Kost, M. A., D. A. Albert, J. G. Cohen, B. S. Slaughter, R. K. Schillo, C. R. Weber, and K. A. Chapman. 2007. Natural communities of Michigan: Classification and description. Report No. 2007-21, Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Lansing. 314 pp. [http://web4.msue.msu.edu/mnfi/reports/2007-21_Natural_Communites_of_Michigan_Classification_and_Description.pdf]
- MNNHP [Minnesota Natural Heritage Program]. 1993. Minnesota''s native vegetation: A key to natural communities. Version 1.5. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Natural Heritage Program, St. Paul, MN. 110 pp.
- Midwestern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Minneapolis, MN.
- Minnesota DNR [Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]. 2003-2005a. Field guide to the native plant communities of Minnesota. Three volumes: The Laurentian Mixed Forest Province (2003), The Eastern Broadleaf Forest Province (2005c), The Prairie Parkland and Tallgrass Aspen Parklands provinces (2005b). Ecological Land Classification Program, Minnesota County Biological Survey, and Natural Heritage and Nongame Research Program. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul.
- Minnesota DNR [Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]. 2003. Field guide to the native plant communities of Minnesota: The Laurentian Mixed Forest Province. Ecological Land Classification Program, Minnesota County Biological Survey, and Natural Heritage and Nongame Research Program. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul.
- ONHIC [Ontario Natural Heritage Information Centre]. 2018. Unpublished data. Ontario Natural Heritage Information Centre, Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario, Canada.
- Ohmann, L. F., and P. R. Ream. 1971. Wilderness ecology: Virgin plant communities of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area. Research Paper NC-63. USDA Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, St. Paul, MN. 35 pp.
- Sims, R. A., W. D. Towill, K. A. Baldwin, and G. M. Wickware. 1989. Field guide to the forest ecosystem classification for northwestern Ontario. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Toronto. 191 pp.
- TNC [The Nature Conservancy]. 1999b. USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program: Classification of the vegetation of Isle Royale National Park. The Nature Conservancy, Midwest Regional Office, Minneapolis, MN, and International Headquarters, Arlington, VA. 143 pp.