Print Report
CEGL006566 Quercus rubra - Tsuga canadensis - Liriodendron tulipifera / Hamamelis virginiana Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Northern Red Oak - Eastern Hemlock - Tuliptree / American Witch-hazel Forest
Colloquial Name: Red Oak - Hemlock - Mixed Hardwood Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This closed-canopy, dry-mesic deciduous forest occurs on deep, moist to well-drained loams and silt loams on northern and eastern midslopes and coves. The canopy is dominated by a variety of oaks, hickories and conifers, including Quercus rubra, Acer saccharum, Fagus grandifolia, Quercus alba, Quercus velutina, Betula lenta, Carya tomentosa, Fraxinus americana, and Liriodendron tulipifera, with notable presence of Tsuga canadensis and/or Pinus strobus. The subcanopy and shrub layer consists of Ostrya virginiana, Carpinus caroliniana, Kalmia latifolia, Hamamelis virginiana, Vaccinium pallidum, Amelanchier laevis, Lindera benzoin, Viburnum acerifolium, and Viburnum recognitum. The herbaceous layer is characterized by Maianthemum racemosum, Gaultheria procumbens, Mitchella repens, Chimaphila maculata, Thelypteris noveboracensis, Dennstaedtia punctilobula, Maianthemum canadense, and Podophyllum peltatum. This vegetation occurs in New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania and may occur in adjacent states.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: No Data Available
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: The canopy has a notable presence of Tsuga canadensis and/or Pinus strobus. Sharing dominance with these conifers is a variety of oaks and hickories including Quercus rubra, Acer saccharum, Fagus grandifolia, Quercus alba, Quercus velutina, Betula lenta, Carya tomentosa, Fraxinus americana, Liriodendron tulipifera. The subcanopy and shrub layer consists of Ostrya virginiana, Carpinus caroliniana, Kalmia latifolia, Hamamelis virginiana, Amelanchier laevis, Lindera benzoin, Viburnum acerifolium, and Viburnum recognitum. The herbaceous layer is characterized by Maianthemum racemosum (= Smilacina racemosa), Gaultheria procumbens, Maianthemum canadense, and Podophyllum peltatum.
Dynamics: No Data Available
Environmental Description: This vegetation occurs on deep, moist to well-drained loams and silt loams on northern and eastern midslopes and coves. Soils may be rocky, and slopes may be steep.
Geographic Range: This vegetation occurs in New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania and may occur in adjacent states.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: NJ, NY, PA
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.686716
Confidence Level: Low - Poorly Documented
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G4?
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.3 Appalachian-Interior-Northeastern Mesic Forest Macrogroup | M883 | 1.B.2.Na.3 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.3.b Appalachian-Allegheny Northern Hardwood Forest | G742 | 1.B.2.Na.3.b |
| Alliance | A3303 <i>Quercus rubra - Acer saccharum - Liriodendron tulipifera</i> Forest Alliance | A3303 | 1.B.2.Na.3.b |
| Association | CEGL006566 Northern Red Oak - Eastern Hemlock - Tuliptree / American Witch-hazel Forest | CEGL006566 | 1.B.2.Na.3.b |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Mixed Hemlock - Hardwoods community (Ehrenfeld 1977)
- Anderson, M., F. Biasi, and S. Buttrick. 1998. Conservation site selection: Ecoregional planning for biodiversity. The Nature Conservancy, Eastern Regional Office, Boston, MA. 18 pp.
- Eastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Boston, MA.
- Edinger, G. J., D. J. Evans, S. Gebauer, T. G. Howard, D. M. Hunt, and A. M. Olivero, editors. 2014a. Ecological communities of New York state. Second edition. A revised and expanded edition of Carol Reschke''s ecological communities of New York state. New York Natural Heritage Program, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, NY.
- Ehrenfeld, J. G. 1977. Vegetation of Morristown National Historical Park: Ecological analysis and management alternatives. Final Report. USDI National Park Service Contract No. 1600-7-0004. 166 pp.
- Fike, J. 1999. Terrestrial and palustrine plant communities of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory. Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Recreation, Bureau of Forestry, Harrisburg, PA. 86 pp.
- Sechler, F. C., G. J. Edinger, T. G. Howard, J. J. Schmid, E. Eastman, E. Largay, L. A. Sneddon, C. Lea, and J. Von Loh. 2014. Vegetation classification and mapping at Roosevelt-Vanderbilt National Historic Sites, New York. Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NETN/NRTR--2014/873, National Park Service, Fort Collins, CO. 392 pp.
- Sneddon, L., R. E. Zaremba, E. Largay, G. Podniesinski, S. Perles, and J. Thompson. 2008. Vegetation classification and mapping of Morristown National Historical Park, New Jersey. Technical Report NPS/NER/NRTR--2008/116. National Park Service, Philadelphia, PA. 162 pp. [http://biology.usgs.gov/npsveg/morr/morrrpt.pdf]