Print Report

CEGL007039 Quercus virginiana - (Pinus taeda) / (Sabal minor, Serenoa repens) Swamp Forest

Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available


Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Live Oak - (Loblolly Pine) / (Dwarf Palmetto, Saw Palmetto) Swamp Forest

Colloquial Name: Outer Coastal Plain Live Oak Levee Forest

Hierarchy Level:  Association

Type Concept: This association represents floodplain forests dominated by Quercus virginiana that have a component of either Serenoa repens or Sabal minor; Pinus taeda may be present or absent. This type is potentially broad-ranging and could occur along the Outer Coastal Plain from South Carolina to eastern Texas. As currently understood, it is known from Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, and Georgia; its status in South Carolina and Texas remains unclear. It includes floodplain forests occurring on older and more recent river levees, dominated by Quercus virginiana. Pinus taeda is codominant in the overstory of some examples and present in most. Conspicuous components of the shrub layer include Sabal minor and Serenoa repens (within its range). Additional information is needed to fully describe the range of variability present in this association and to document its full geographic extent.

Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available

Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available

Classification Comments: This association needs further description with subsequent range assessment. Documented from the Aucilla River and Middle Prong St. Mary''s River, both in Florida. This single, broadly defined association may ultimately be split into several more narrowly define types. In Texas this or a related community may occur along small streams and rivers at the northern periphery of the Coastal Prairie where it is contiguous with the Pineywoods; a portion of this area was discussed by Harcombe and Neaville (1977), but no Quercus virginiana type was described.

Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available

Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available

Floristics: Quercus virginiana occurs naturally in limited areas along the Outer Coastal Plain where it is not commonly documented from floodplain habitats (Harms 1990). Within this region, the actual range is further narrowed by its natural distribution (which is confined to the outermost portions of the Coastal Plain) (Harms 1990) and further by its floodplain habitat. This type has been attributed to Osceola National Forest (NatureServe Ecology unpubl. data) where the vegetation is described as follows. The canopy is codominated by Quercus virginiana and Pinus taeda or Quercus nigra. Other canopy species are Acer rubrum, Betula nigra, Quercus laurifolia, and Liquidambar styraciflua. Subcanopy trees include Betula nigra, Liquidambar styraciflua, Quercus laurifolia, Acer rubrum, Quercus virginiana, Quercus nigra, Diospyros virginiana, and Nyssa biflora. The shrub layer is dominated by Serenoa repens, many of which have trunks growing 1 m (3-4 feet) high. Other shrubs are at low cover values; these include Asimina parviflora, Vaccinium elliottii, Cyrilla racemiflora, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Ditrysinia fruticosa (= Sebastiania fruticosa), Diospyros virginiana, Ilex opaca, and Vaccinium corymbosum. Vines include Smilax rotundifolia and Smilax walteri. Epiphytes present are Tillandsia usneoides, Tillandsia bartramii, and Pleopeltis polypodioides ssp. michauxiana (= Polypodium polypodioides var. michauxianum). Mitchella repens is the only herbaceous species documented; it was only trace.

Dynamics:  These forests are prone to flooding, particularly severe flooding after hurricanes.

Environmental Description:  This association occurs on temporarily flooded, natural levee ridges and terraces in the outer Coastal Plain.

Geographic Range: This association is currently broadly described, ranging from the Atlantic Coastal Plain of Georgia and possibly South Carolina to the Gulf Coastal Plain of Texas. In Texas, it may occur along the lower Trinity and Sabine river systems in Harris, Chambers and Jefferson counties.

Nations: US

States/Provinces:  AL, FL, GA, LA, MS, SC




Confidence Level: Low - Poorly Documented

Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available

Grank: G3G4

Greasons: No Data Available


Concept Lineage: This association includes the former CEGL007025.

Predecessors: No Data Available

Obsolete Names: No Data Available

Obsolete Parents: No Data Available

Synonomy: No Data Available

Concept Author(s): J.E. Mohan

Author of Description: C.W. Nordman

Acknowledgements: No Data Available

Version Date: 05-15-02

  • ALNHP [Alabama Natural Heritage Program]. 2018. Unpublished data on file. Alabama Natural Heritage Program, Auburn University.
  • Diamond, D. D. 1993. Classification of the plant communities of Texas (series level). Unpublished document. Texas Natural Heritage Program, Austin. 25 pp.
  • FNAI [Florida Natural Areas Inventory]. 2010a. Guide to the natural communities of Florida: 2010 edition. Florida Natural Areas Inventory, Tallahassee, FL. 228 pp. [https://fnai.org/naturalcommguide.cfm]
  • GNHP [Georgia Natural Heritage Program]. 2018. Unpublished data. Georgia Natural Heritage Program, Wildlife Resources Division, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Social Circle.
  • Harcombe, P. A., and J. E. Neaville. 1977. Vegetation types of Chambers County, Texas. The Texas Journal of Science 29:209-234.
  • Harms, W. R. 1990. Quercus virginiana Mill. Live Oak. Pages 751-754 in: R. M. Burns and B. H. Honkala, technical coordinators. Silvics of North America: Volume 2. Hardwoods. USDA Forest Service. Agriculture Handbook 654. Washington, DC.
  • NatureServe Ecology - Southeastern United States. No date. Unpublished data. NatureServe, Durham, NC.
  • Nelson, J. B. 1986. The natural communities of South Carolina: Initial classification and description. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, Columbia, SC. 55 pp.
  • Southeastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Durham, NC.