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CEGL006383 Pinus rigida - (Pinus echinata) - Quercus stellata / Quercus (marilandica, ilicifolia) Woodland
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Pitch Pine - (Shortleaf Pine) - Post Oak / (Blackjack Oak, Bear Oak) Woodland
Colloquial Name: Pine Barrens Pine - Oak / Shrub Oak Woodland
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This mid-successional pitch pine woodland occurs in the New Jersey Pine Barrens, with small outliers in New York. Pines are dominant, but the characteristic presence of tree oaks (Quercus alba, Quercus coccinea, Quercus velutina, Quercus prinus, Quercus stellata) forming up to 35% of the canopy is an indication of a fire frequency that is less than that of the classic pine barrens type ~Pinus rigida / Quercus (marilandica, ilicifolia) / Pyxidanthera barbulata Woodland (CEGL006051)$$. The presence of a well-developed shrub oak layer (Quercus ilicifolia, Quercus marilandica, sometimes Quercus prinoides) indicates a fire frequency greater than that of oak-dominated forests of the New Jersey Pinelands and environs. The ground layer is characterized by heaths, generally Vaccinium pallidum and Gaylussacia baccata. Herbs are sparse and may include Gaultheria procumbens, Pteridium aquilinum. In addition, Pinus virginiana may contribute significant cover in areas affected by soil disturbance, such as agriculture, bulldozer scrapes, and sand mining.
In New Jersey, pine-oak-shrub oak woodlands (POw) are mostly found in the central Pinelands. They are characterized by an open canopy of Pinus rigida and in some types Pinus echinata, with 5-25% cover of tree oak species including mostly Quercus stellata, Quercus velutina, Quercus coccinea, Quercus prinus, and rarely Quercus falcata or arborescent Quercus marilandica; a dense stratum of shrub oaks including Quercus marilandica, Quercus ilicifolia, and occasionally Quercus prinoides; and low heaths such as Gaylussacia baccata and Vaccinium pallidum. Ground cover herbs and subshrubs in sandy openings can include Pyxidanthera barbulata, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Epigaea repens, Hudsonia ericoides, Comptonia peregrina, Schizachyrium scoparium, Panicum spp., Carex pensylvanica, and other species.
In New Jersey, pine-oak-shrub oak woodlands (POw) are mostly found in the central Pinelands. They are characterized by an open canopy of Pinus rigida and in some types Pinus echinata, with 5-25% cover of tree oak species including mostly Quercus stellata, Quercus velutina, Quercus coccinea, Quercus prinus, and rarely Quercus falcata or arborescent Quercus marilandica; a dense stratum of shrub oaks including Quercus marilandica, Quercus ilicifolia, and occasionally Quercus prinoides; and low heaths such as Gaylussacia baccata and Vaccinium pallidum. Ground cover herbs and subshrubs in sandy openings can include Pyxidanthera barbulata, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Epigaea repens, Hudsonia ericoides, Comptonia peregrina, Schizachyrium scoparium, Panicum spp., Carex pensylvanica, and other species.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: No Data Available
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: No Data Available
Dynamics: Pine-oak-shrub oak woodlands (POw) are concentrated in the central Pinelands of New Jersey, most often in peripheral parts of pitch pine-shrub oak barrens firesheds of the plains/barrens subregion, also in mixed mosaic firesheds along with oak- or pine-dominated forests in the western pine-oak subregion, and only rarely on sandy river terraces of the southern oak-pine subregion (Windisch 1995b, 1999). Pine-oak-shrub oak woodlands occur in slightly less fire-prone landscape positions relative to pitch pine-shrub oak barren types, with mean fire-return intervals of 25-40 years. This is frequent enough to maintain dominance by pitch pine and shrub oaks and allow some tree oak cover to establish, but is too frequent for tree-oaks to dominate and close the canopy.
Environmental Description: No Data Available
Geographic Range: This woodland occurs in the New Jersey Pine Barrens.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: NJ, NY
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.686109
Confidence Level: Low
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G2?
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.9 Pitch Pine - oak spp. - American Holly North Atlantic Forest Macrogroup | M525 | 1.B.2.Na.9 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.9.b Black Oak - American Beech - Pitch Pine Coastal Plain Forest Group | G894 | 1.B.2.Na.9.b |
| Alliance | A4209 Black Oak - Southern Red Oak - Pitch Pine Coastal Plain Forest Alliance | A4209 | 1.B.2.Na.9.b |
| Association | CEGL006383 Pitch Pine - (Shortleaf Pine) - Post Oak / (Blackjack Oak, Bear Oak) Woodland | CEGL006383 | 1.B.2.Na.9.b |
Concept Lineage: CEGL006937, CEGL006940, CEGL006941, and CEGL006928 Archived - concept covered by existing CEGL006383 Pinus rigida - (Pinus echinata) / Quercus (marilandica, ilicifolia) / Vaccinium pallidum Woodland.
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: > Pine - Oak - Shrub Oak Successional Woodland (SPOw) (Windisch 2014a)
> Pine-oak-shrub oak woodland (POw) (Windisch 2014a)
> Pitch pine-black, post oak-shrub oak woodland (POw7 var) (Windisch 2014a)
> Pitch pine-chestnut oak-shrub oak woodland (POw4 var) (Windisch 2014a)
> Pitch pine-mixed oak-shrub oak woodland (POw6 var) (Windisch 2014a)
> Pitch pine-post oak-shrub oak woodland (POw5 var) (Windisch 2014a)
> Pitch pine-tree blackjack oak-shrub oak woodland (POw8 var) (Windisch 2014a)
> Pitch, shortleaf pine-mixed oak-shrub oak woodland (POw2 var) (Windisch 2014a)
> Pitch, shortleaf pine-post oak-shrub oak woodland (POw1 var) (Windisch 2014a)
> Pitch, shortleaf pine-southern red oak-scrub oak woodland (POw9 var, was CEGL006942) (Windisch 2014a)
> Pine-oak-shrub oak woodland (POw) (Windisch 2014a)
> Pitch pine-black, post oak-shrub oak woodland (POw7 var) (Windisch 2014a)
> Pitch pine-chestnut oak-shrub oak woodland (POw4 var) (Windisch 2014a)
> Pitch pine-mixed oak-shrub oak woodland (POw6 var) (Windisch 2014a)
> Pitch pine-post oak-shrub oak woodland (POw5 var) (Windisch 2014a)
> Pitch pine-tree blackjack oak-shrub oak woodland (POw8 var) (Windisch 2014a)
> Pitch, shortleaf pine-mixed oak-shrub oak woodland (POw2 var) (Windisch 2014a)
> Pitch, shortleaf pine-post oak-shrub oak woodland (POw1 var) (Windisch 2014a)
> Pitch, shortleaf pine-southern red oak-scrub oak woodland (POw9 var, was CEGL006942) (Windisch 2014a)
- Breden, T. F. 1989. A preliminary natural community classification for New Jersey. Pages 157-191 in: E. F. Karlin, editor. New Jersey''s rare and endangered plants and animals. Institute for Environmental Studies, Ramapo College, Mahwah, NJ. 280 pp.
- Breden, T. F., Y. R. Alger, K. S. Walz, and A. G. Windisch. 2001. Classification of vegetation communities of New Jersey: Second iteration. Association for Biodiversity Information and New Jersey Natural Heritage Program, Office of Natural Lands Management, Division of Parks and Forestry, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Trenton.
- Eastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Boston, MA.
- Windisch, A .G. 2014a. Pinelands ecological communities and higher level groups with crosswalk / proposed 2008 revisions to NVC. November 16, 2014 draft. New Jersey Natural Heritage Program, Trenton.
- Windisch, A. G. 1995b. Natural community inventory of Fort Dix, New Jersey. The Nature Conservancy report. New Jersey Natural Heritage Program, Office of Natural Lands Management. Trenton, NJ. 81 pp.
- Windisch, A. G. 1999. Fire ecology of the New Jersey Pine Plains and vicinity. Ph.D. dissertation, Rutgers-The State University, New Brunswick, NJ. 327 pp.