Print Report
CEGL002492 Quercus velutina - Quercus ellipsoidalis - (Quercus alba) / Schizachyrium scoparium - Lupinus perennis Wooded Grassland
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Black Oak - Northern Pin Oak - (White Oak) / Little Bluestem - Sundial Lupine Open Woodland
Colloquial Name: Black Oak / Lupine Barrens
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This black oak - mixed oak barrens community occurs in the central and lower Great Lakes region of the United States and adjacent Canada. Stands occur on sandy outwash or lakeplains. Soils are well-drained, coarse-textured, varying from almost pure sand to sandy loam. Canopy structure varies from a dominant herbaceous ground layer with sparse, scattered ''savanna'' canopy (5-30%), through oak-dominated scrub, to a more closed ''woodland'' canopy (30-80%). The canopy layer is dominated by Quercus velutina, with some Quercus ellipsoidalis and Quercus alba, the latter more common eastward and in woodland conditions. Occasional Pinus banksiana can occur in the northern parts of the range. Tree height varies from 5-15 m. A subcanopy layer may be composed of the preceding species or Prunus serotina, Sassafras albidum, and Carya ovata. Tall shrubs may include Cornus amomum, Cornus foemina, Corylus americana, and Rhus glabra. The low-shrub/scrub layer typically contains Ceanothus americanus, Rosa spp. (such as Rosa carolina), and Rubus allegheniensis, but may contain ericaceous shrubs, such as Gaylussacia baccata, Vaccinium angustifolium and Vaccinium pallidum. The herb layer is dominated by graminoids, such as Andropogon gerardii, Carex pensylvanica, and Schizachyrium scoparium. Typical forbs include Antennaria neglecta, Antennaria plantaginifolia, Euphorbia corollata, Helianthemum bicknellii, Helianthemum canadense, Lespedeza capitata, Lithospermum caroliniense, Lithospermum canescens, Lupinus perennis, and Pteridium aquilinum. Forb dominance may increase as woody cover increases.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: A black oak woodland variant or phase may occur, but because Quercus velutina can sprout after stems have been killed by fires, stands generally have a somewhat scrubby structure that can vary from 10-60% cover over time. Indiana reports a mesic sand savanna stand. Does it belong here? Oak-pine barrens of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota are not included in this type.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: Canopy structure varies from a dominant herbaceous ground layer with sparse, scattered ''savanna'' canopy (5-30%), through oak-dominated scrub, to a more closed ''woodland'' canopy (30-80%). The canopy layer is dominated by Quercus velutina, with some Quercus ellipsoidalis and Quercus alba, the latter more common eastward and in woodland conditions. Occasional Pinus banksiana can occur in the northern parts of the range. Tree height varies from 5-15 m. A subcanopy layer may be composed of the preceding species or Prunus serotina, Sassafras albidum, and Carya ovata. Tall shrubs may include Cornus amomum, Cornus foemina, Corylus americana, and Rhus glabra. The low-shrub/scrub layer typically contains Ceanothus americanus, Rosa spp. (such as Rosa carolina), and Rubus allegheniensis, but may contain ericaceous shrubs, such as Gaylussacia baccata, Vaccinium angustifolium and Vaccinium pallidum. The herb layer is dominated by graminoids, such as Andropogon gerardii, Carex pensylvanica, and Schizachyrium scoparium. Typical forbs include Antennaria neglecta, Antennaria plantaginifolia, Euphorbia corollata, Helianthemum bicknellii, Helianthemum canadense, Lespedeza capitata, Lithospermum caroliniense (Minnesota), Lithospermum canescens (Wisconsin), Lupinus perennis, and Pteridium aquilinum. Forb dominance may increase as woody cover increases (Curtis 1959, MNNHP 1993, Anderson 1996). Composition and structure vary in this type depending on geography, site characteristics, and disturbance history.
Dynamics: No Data Available
Environmental Description: This community generally occurs on well-drained, coarse-textured, sandy, infertile soils derived from glacial outwash, high gravelly/sandy moraines, or lakeplain dune systems. Soils vary from almost pure sand to sandy loam.
Geographic Range: This black oak - mixed oak barrens community occurs in the central and lower Great Lakes region of the United States and adjacent Canada, extending from Ohio and Ontario west to Iowa and Minnesota.
Nations: CA,US
States/Provinces: IA, IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, ON, PA?, WI
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.685894
Confidence Level: Low
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G3
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.4 White Oak - Bur Oak - Shagbark Hickory Forest, Woodland & Savanna Macrogroup | M012 | 1.B.2.Na.4 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.4.a Bur Oak - Black Oak / Big Bluestem Savanna & Barrens Group | G181 | 1.B.2.Na.4.a |
| Alliance | A1492 Black Oak - Northern Pin Oak Wooded Grassland Alliance | A1492 | 1.B.2.Na.4.a |
| Association | CEGL002492 Black Oak - Northern Pin Oak - (White Oak) / Little Bluestem - Sundial Lupine Open Woodland | CEGL002492 | 1.B.2.Na.4.a |
Concept Lineage: merged
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Quercus velutina - (Quercus alba) - Quercus ellipsoidalis / Schizachyrium scoparium - Lupinus perennis Wooded Herbaceous Vegetation (Faber-Langendoen 2001) [Oak Barrens]
= Dry Oak Savanna (Southeast Section) Barrens Subtype (MNNHP 1993)
= Oak Barrens (Anderson 1996) [Uncertain if equivalent; Anderson appears to include black oak forests, ~Quercus velutina / Carex pensylvanica Forest (CEGL002078)$$, and sand barrens, ~Schizachyrium scoparium - Carex muehlenbergii - Lithospermum caroliniense - Opuntia humifusa Sand Grassland (CEGL005099)$$, in this type.]
= Dry Oak Savanna (Southeast Section) Barrens Subtype (MNNHP 1993)
= Oak Barrens (Anderson 1996) [Uncertain if equivalent; Anderson appears to include black oak forests, ~Quercus velutina / Carex pensylvanica Forest (CEGL002078)$$, and sand barrens, ~Schizachyrium scoparium - Carex muehlenbergii - Lithospermum caroliniense - Opuntia humifusa Sand Grassland (CEGL005099)$$, in this type.]
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