Print Report
CEGL006324 Pinus strobus - Tsuga canadensis - Picea rubens Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Eastern White Pine - Eastern Hemlock - Red Spruce Forest
Colloquial Name: White Pine - Hemlock - Red Spruce Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This dry-mesic pine - hemlock forest occurs on lower-elevation slopes and flats in northern New England. The typical setting is sheltered slopes with sandy or stony, acidic, moderately well-drained soils overlying bedrock, talus, or till. The closed coniferous canopy admits little light, and lower layers are patchy and sparse. Dense needle accumulation and dry conditions appear to further limit the growth of herbs and bryoids. The canopy is composed of substantial Pinus strobus, with variable components of Picea rubens and Tsuga canadensis. Near the coast, Thuja occidentalis may be a canopy component. Picea rubens is characteristic, although it may not be abundant, and its presence indicates a cool climatic regime. Occasionally Abies balsamea will be present in the canopy or subcanopy. Minor deciduous associates may include Quercus rubra, Acer rubrum, Betula alleghaniensis, Betula papyrifera, or Betula populifolia. In the shrub layer, characteristic species include Gaylussacia baccata, Kalmia angustifolia, Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides, Vaccinium angustifolium, Vaccinium myrtilloides, or, less commonly, Comptonia peregrina, Diervilla lonicera, Ilex mucronata, or Rubus hispidus. Characteristic herb species include Pteridium aquilinum, Polypodium virginianum, Aralia nudicaulis, Maianthemum canadense, Gaultheria procumbens, Oclemena acuminata, Eurybia macrophylla, Cornus canadensis, Trientalis borealis, and Clintonia borealis. The bryophyte layer often includes Dicranum undulatum and Leucobryum glaucum, and may include species of Cladonia.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: This community is less xeric than ~Pinus strobus - Pinus resinosa / Cornus canadensis Forest (CEGL006253)$$ and less mesic than ~Tsuga canadensis - (Betula alleghaniensis) - Picea rubens / Cornus canadensis Forest (CEGL006129)$$. It is similar to ~Pinus strobus - Tsuga canadensis Lower New England-Northern Piedmont Forest (CEGL006328)$$, but is distinguished by the presence of red spruce.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: The closed coniferous canopy admits little light, and lower layers are patchy and sparse. Dense needle accumulation and dry conditions appear to further limit the growth of herbs and bryoids. The canopy is composed of substantial Pinus strobus, with variable components of Picea rubens and Tsuga canadensis. Near the coast, Thuja occidentalis may be a canopy component. Picea rubens is characteristic, although it may not be abundant, and its presence indicates a cool climatic regime. Occasionally Abies balsamea will be present in the canopy or subcanopy. Minor deciduous associates may include Quercus rubra, Acer rubrum, Betula alleghaniensis, Betula papyrifera, or Betula populifolia. In the shrub layer, characteristic species include Gaylussacia baccata, Kalmia angustifolia, Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides (= Viburnum cassinoides), Vaccinium angustifolium, Vaccinium myrtilloides, or, less commonly, Comptonia peregrina, Diervilla lonicera, Ilex mucronata (= Nemopanthus mucronatus), or Rubus hispidus. Characteristic herb species include Pteridium aquilinum, Polypodium virginianum, Aralia nudicaulis, Maianthemum canadense, Gaultheria procumbens, Oclemena acuminata (= Aster acuminatus), Eurybia macrophylla (= Aster macrophyllus), Cornus canadensis, Trientalis borealis, and Clintonia borealis. The bryophyte layer often includes Dicranum undulatum and Leucobryum glaucum, and may include species of Cladonia (= Cladina).
Dynamics: No Data Available
Environmental Description: This dry-mesic pine - hemlock forest occurs on lower-elevation slopes and flats in northern New England. The typical setting is sheltered slopes with sandy or stony, acidic, moderately well-drained soils overlying bedrock, talus, or till.
Geographic Range: This forest occurs in northern New England.
Nations: CA,US
States/Provinces: MA, ME, NB, NH, NY, QC?, VT
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.685818
Confidence Level: Moderate
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: GNR
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.7 Sugar Maple - Yellow Birch - Eastern Hemlock Forest Macrogroup | M014 | 1.B.2.Na.7 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.7.g <i>Tsuga canadensis - Picea rubens - Betula alleghaniensis</i> Forest Group | G920 | 1.B.2.Na.7.g |
| Alliance | A4453 <i>Tsuga canadensis - Betula alleghaniensis - Picea rubens</i> Forest Alliance | A4453 | 1.B.2.Na.7.g |
| Association | CEGL006324 Eastern White Pine - Eastern Hemlock - Red Spruce Forest | CEGL006324 | 1.B.2.Na.7.g |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: ? CNE dry conifer forest on acidic bedrock or till (Rawinski 1984a)
? CNE mesic conifer forest on acidic bedrock/till (Rawinski 1984a)
= Pine - hemlock / spruce forest community (MNAP 1991)
< White Pine - Hemlock: 22 (Eyre 1980)
? CNE mesic conifer forest on acidic bedrock/till (Rawinski 1984a)
= Pine - hemlock / spruce forest community (MNAP 1991)
< White Pine - Hemlock: 22 (Eyre 1980)
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