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CEGL002478 Pinus banksiana - (Pinus resinosa) - Quercus ellipsoidalis / Carex pensylvanica Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Jack Pine - (Red Pine) - Northern Pin Oak / Pennsylvania Sedge Forest
Colloquial Name: Jack Pine - Red Pine - Northern Pin Oak Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This jack pine - oak forest community type is found near the western Great Lakes of the United States and Canada on well-drained, sandy, infertile soils. Sites are typically relatively flat and occur on outwash plains or glaciolacustrine beds. The overstory of this forest community has a moderately closed to closed canopy. Tree density can be very high (up to several hundred trees/ha). The dominant canopy species are Pinus banksiana and Quercus ellipsoidalis. In some stands these two species constitute nearly the entire canopy. Where other trees are present, they typically include Acer rubrum, Pinus resinosa, and Populus tremuloides. The shrub layer is sparse to well-defined. Vaccinium angustifolium is very common, but Corylus cornuta, Corylus americana, Rosa spp., and Rubus spp. are other common constituents. Gaylussacia baccata is common in central Michigan and Wisconsin. The herbaceous layer contains species such as Carex pensylvanica, Fragaria virginiana, Lysimachia quadrifolia, Maianthemum canadense, Maianthemum racemosum, and Pteridium aquilinum.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: Pinus strobus, Quercus rubra, Quercus macrocarpa and Quercus velutina may also occur in this type. The distinction between this type and ~Pinus banksiana - (Picea mariana, Pinus strobus) / Vaccinium spp. Rocky Woodland (CEGL002483)$$ is that the latter is primarily found on bedrock, with oaks occurring primarily as grubs and only rarely are in the canopy. This type also overlaps with ~Pinus banksiana / Vaccinium spp. / Pleurozium schreberi Woodland (CEGL002441)$$, especially in Wisconsin, where timber management can cause a lot of variation in the proportion of oak and pine (E. Epstein pers. comm. 2000).
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: The dominant canopy species are Pinus banksiana and Quercus ellipsoidalis. In some stands these two species constitute nearly the entire canopy. Where other trees are present, they typically include Acer rubrum, Pinus resinosa, and Populus tremuloides. The shrub layer is sparse to well-defined. Vaccinium angustifolium is very common, but Corylus americana, Corylus cornuta, Rosa spp., and Rubus spp. are other common constituents. Gaylussacia baccata is common in central Michigan and Wisconsin. The herbaceous layer contains species such as Carex pensylvanica, Fragaria virginiana, Lysimachia quadrifolia, Maianthemum canadense, Maianthemum racemosum, and Pteridium aquilinum (Curtis 1959, MNNHP 1993).
Dynamics: Fires were common in this forest before European settlement (Curtis 1959, MNNHP 1993).
Environmental Description: This community is found on well-drained, sandy, infertile soils (Curtis 1959). Sites are typically relatively flat and occur on outwash plains or glaciolacustrine beds (MNNHP 1993).
Geographic Range: This community is found in east-central Minnesota, northern and central Wisconsin, northern Michigan, and Ontario.
Nations: CA,US
States/Provinces: MI, MN, ON, WI
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.685555
Confidence Level: Low
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G4G5
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.6 Eastern White Pine - Jack Pine - Northern Pin Oak Forest & Woodland Macrogroup | M159 | 1.B.2.Na.6 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.6.f <i>Pinus resinosa - Pinus banksiana - Quercus rubra</i> Forest & Woodland Group | G907 | 1.B.2.Na.6.f |
| Alliance | A3238 Jack Pine - Red Pine - Northern Pin Oak Forest & Woodland Alliance | A3238 | 1.B.2.Na.6.f |
| Association | CEGL002478 Jack Pine - (Red Pine) - Northern Pin Oak / Pennsylvania Sedge Forest | CEGL002478 | 1.B.2.Na.6.f |
Concept Lineage: CEGL002484 is a duplicate of this record (CEGL002478) (DFL 7-13).
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Pinus banksiana - (Pinus resinosa) - Quercus ellipsoidalis / Carex pensylvanica Forest (Faber-Langendoen 2001) [Northern Dry Forest Jack Pine-Oak Subtype]
- Curtis, J. T. 1959. The vegetation of Wisconsin: An ordination of plant communities. Reprinted in 1987. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison. 657 pp.
- Faber-Langendoen, D., editor. 2001. Plant communities of the Midwest: Classification in an ecological context. Association for Biodiversity Information, Arlington, VA. 61 pp. plus appendix (705 pp.).
- Hop, K., S. Menard, J. Drake, S. Lubinski, and J. Dieck. 2010a. National Park Service Vegetation Inventory Program: Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, Wisconsin. Natural Resource Report NPS/GLKN/NRR-2010/199. National Park Service, Fort Collins, CO. 310 pp.
- Kost, M. A., D. A. Albert, J. G. Cohen, B. S. Slaughter, R. K. Schillo, C. R. Weber, and K. A. Chapman. 2007. Natural communities of Michigan: Classification and description. Report No. 2007-21, Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Lansing. 314 pp. [http://web4.msue.msu.edu/mnfi/reports/2007-21_Natural_Communites_of_Michigan_Classification_and_Description.pdf]
- MNNHP [Minnesota Natural Heritage Program]. 1993. Minnesota''s native vegetation: A key to natural communities. Version 1.5. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Natural Heritage Program, St. Paul, MN. 110 pp.
- Midwestern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Minneapolis, MN.
- Minnesota DNR [Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]. 2003-2005a. Field guide to the native plant communities of Minnesota. Three volumes: The Laurentian Mixed Forest Province (2003), The Eastern Broadleaf Forest Province (2005c), The Prairie Parkland and Tallgrass Aspen Parklands provinces (2005b). Ecological Land Classification Program, Minnesota County Biological Survey, and Natural Heritage and Nongame Research Program. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul.
- WDNR [Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources]. 2015. The ecological landscapes of Wisconsin: An assessment of ecological resources and a guide to planning sustainable management. PUB-SS-1131 2015. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison. [http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/landscapes/Book.html]