Print Report
CEGL007517 Pinus strobus - Quercus alba - (Carya tomentosa) / Gaylussacia ursina Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Eastern White Pine - White Oak - (Mockernut Hickory) / Bear Huckleberry Forest
Colloquial Name: Appalachian White Pine - Mesic Oak Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This association covers mesic pine-oak-hickory in the Cumberlands and Southern Ridge and Valley, Southern Blue Ridge Escarpment and in the Piedmont transition, found below 885 m (2900 feet) elevation, on protected ridges, mid- to upper slopes, and in disturbed bottoms. Canopies are dominated by variable mixtures of Pinus strobus, Quercus alba, Quercus velutina, Carya tomentosa, and Acer rubrum. Other canopy species may include Liriodendron tulipifera, Tsuga canadensis, Quercus rubra, Quercus falcata, Quercus montana, and Magnolia fraseri. Subcanopy and saplings include canopy species and Cornus florida, Halesia tetraptera, Oxydendrum arboreum, and Nyssa sylvatica. Shrub layers are moderate to dense, with Gaylussacia ursina and Kalmia latifolia most commonly dominating. Other shrubs include Rhododendron minus, Rhododendron maximum, Symplocos tinctoria, Arundinaria gigantea, Castanea dentata, Sassafras albidum, Amelanchier arborea, Pyrularia pubera, and Hydrangea radiata. The herb stratum is sparse, although ferns (Thelypteris noveboracensis, Dennstaedtia punctilobula and Polystichum acrostichoides) may occasionally dominate. Common herbs include Chimaphila maculata, Viola hastata, Goodyera pubescens, Maianthemum racemosum, Polygonatum biflorum, Monotropa uniflora, Trillium catesbaei, Desmodium nudiflorum, Eutrochium purpureum, Galium circaezans, Galium latifolium, Galax urceolata, Hexastylis shuttleworthii, Medeola virginiana, Mitchella repens, and Houstonia purpurea.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: No Data Available
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: Canopies are dominated by variable mixtures of Pinus strobus, Quercus alba, Carya tomentosa (= Carya alba), and Acer rubrum. Other canopy species may include Liriodendron tulipifera, Tsuga canadensis, Quercus rubra, Quercus montana (= Quercus prinus), and Magnolia fraseri. Subcanopy and saplings include canopy species and Cornus florida, Halesia tetraptera, Oxydendrum arboreum, and Nyssa sylvatica. Shrub layers are moderate to dense, with Gaylussacia ursina and Kalmia latifolia most commonly dominating. Other shrubs include Rhododendron minus, Rhododendron maximum, Symplocos tinctoria, Arundinaria gigantea, Castanea dentata, Sassafras albidum, Amelanchier arborea, Pyrularia pubera, and Hydrangea radiata. The herb stratum is sparse, although ferns (Thelypteris noveboracensis, Dennstaedtia punctilobula, and Polystichum acrostichoides) may occasionally dominate. Common herbs include Chimaphila maculata, Viola hastata, Goodyera pubescens, Maianthemum racemosum, Polygonatum biflorum, Monotropa uniflora, Trillium catesbaei, Desmodium nudiflorum, Eutrochium purpureum (= Eupatorium purpureum), Galium circaezans, Galium latifolium, Galax urceolata, Hexastylis shuttleworthii, Medeola virginiana, Mitchella repens, and Houstonia purpurea.
Dynamics: No Data Available
Environmental Description: Stands of this association are found below 885 m (2900 feet) elevation, on protected ridges, mid- to upper slopes, and in disturbed bottoms in the Cumberlands and Southern Ridge and Valley, Southern Blue Ridge Escarpment and in the Piedmont transition region. The presence of Pinus strobus in these forests may be a product of disturbance and subsequent fire suppression. It may have increased its abundance since about 1900.
Geographic Range: This community is known from the Cumberlands and Southern Ridge and Valley, Southern Blue Ridge Escarpment and in the Piedmont transition region.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: GA, KY?, NC, SC, TN
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.685190
Confidence Level: Moderate
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G3G4
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.2 Appalachian-Northeastern Oak - Hardwood - Pine Forest & Woodland Macrogroup | M502 | 1.B.2.Na.2 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.2.a Chestnut Oak - Hickory species / American Chestnut Forest Group | G015 | 1.B.2.Na.2.a |
| Alliance | A4390 White Oak - Northern Red Oak - Quercus montana Forest Alliance | A4390 | 1.B.2.Na.2.a |
| Association | CEGL007517 Eastern White Pine - White Oak - (Mockernut Hickory) / Bear Huckleberry Forest | CEGL007517 | 1.B.2.Na.2.a |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: < IA6f. Dry White Pine Ridge Forest (Allard 1990)
< White Pine - White Oak - Chestnut Oak Type (Schmalzer and DeSelm 1982)
< White Pine - White Oak - Chestnut Oak Type (Schmalzer and DeSelm 1982)
- Allard, D. J. 1990. Southeastern United States ecological community classification. Interim report, Version 1.2. The Nature Conservancy, Southeast Regional Office, Chapel Hill, NC. 96 pp.
- Chafin, L. 2011. Georgia''s natural communities and associated rare plant and animal species: Thumbnail accounts. Based on "Guide to the Natural Communities of Georgia," by Edwards et al. 2013. University of Georgia Press. Georgia Nongame Conservation Section, Wildlife Resources Division, Georgia Department of Natural Resources. 125 pp.
- Fleming, G. P., and K. D. Patterson. 2009a. A vegetation classification for the Appalachian Trail: Virginia south to Georgia. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage. In-house analysis, March 2009.
- NatureServe Ecology - Southeastern United States. No date. Unpublished data. NatureServe, Durham, NC.
- Schafale, M. P. 2012. Classification of the natural communities of North Carolina, 4th Approximation. North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Parks and Recreation, Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh.
- Schafale, M. P., and A. S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the natural communities of North Carolina. Third approximation. North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Parks and Recreation, Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh. 325 pp.
- Schmalzer, P. A., and H. R. DeSelm. 1982. Vegetation, endangered and threatened plants, critical plant habitats and vascular flora of the Obed Wild and Scenic River. Unpublished report. USDI National Park Service, Obed Wild and Scenic River. 2 volumes. 369 pp.
- Southeastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Durham, NC.