Print Report
CEGL002437 Pinus banksiana / Abies balsamea Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Jack Pine / Balsam Fir Forest
Colloquial Name: Jack Pine / Balsam Fir Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This jack pine / fir forest is found in the subboreal region of the midwestern United States and in central Canada. Stands occur on thin soil to moderately deep (50-100 cm), often sandy soils. The tree layer of this community is dominated by Pinus banksiana, often to the exclusion of other species, but occasionally mixed stands with Populus tremuloides are found. Abies balsamea, Betula papyrifera, Picea mariana, and Populus tremuloides dominate the sapling and seedling layers and sometimes occur in the canopy. There is a well-developed shrub layer containing species such as Amelanchier alnifolia, Corylus cornuta, Diervilla lonicera, Linnaea borealis, Lonicera canadensis, Vaccinium angustifolium, and Vaccinium myrtilloides. The herbaceous layer is dominated by dry-mesic forest species, including Aralia nudicaulis, Eurybia macrophylla, Clintonia borealis, Coptis trifolia, Galium boreale, and Melampyrum lineare. Mosses and lichens are common on the forest floor.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: This type represents a dry-mesic jack pine type in areas of the Canadian Shield, whereas ~Pinus banksiana - (Picea mariana, Pinus strobus) / Vaccinium spp. Rocky Woodland (CEGL002483)$$ is a dry type. This type (CEGL002437) is closely related to ~Pinus banksiana - Populus tremuloides / Diervilla lonicera Forest (CEGL002518)$$. That type includes more mesic species, such as Picea mariana, Rubus pubescens, Streptopus lanceolatus var. longipes, etc., and more rarely has Vaccinium myrtilloides or Vaccinium angustifolium present (though those species do not dominate in this type either). Ordinations in Sims et al. (1997) also show the equivalent type (V28) as drier and more nutrient-poor than CEGL002518 (equivalent to V17). Unlike the concept there, we lay less stress on the difference in canopy of deciduous species (Populus tremuloides and Betula papyrifera) and focus more on the combination of overstory, ground layer, and site characteristics.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: The tree layer of this community is dominated by Pinus banksiana, often to the exclusion of other species, but occasionally mixed stands with Populus tremuloides are found. Abies balsamea, Betula papyrifera, Picea mariana, and Populus tremuloides dominate the sapling and seedling layers and sometimes occur in the canopy. There is a well-developed shrub layer containing species such as Acer spicatum, Amelanchier alnifolia, Corylus cornuta, Diervilla lonicera, Linnaea borealis, Lonicera canadensis, Vaccinium angustifolium, and Vaccinium myrtilloides. Less often, Acer spicatum and Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (= Alnus crispa) are present. The herbaceous layer is dominated by dry-mesic forest species, including Aralia nudicaulis, Eurybia macrophylla (= Aster macrophyllus), Clintonia borealis, Coptis trifolia, Galium boreale, and Melampyrum lineare. Mosses and lichens are common on the forest floor (Grigal and Ohmann 1975, Sims et al. 1989).
Dynamics: This community often originates following fires.
Environmental Description: This community is found on thin soil to moderately deep (50-100 cm), often sandy soils (Grigal and Ohmann 1975). The sites vary in aspect.
Geographic Range: This jack pine / fir forest type is found in the hemi-boreal regions of the upper Great Lakes in the United States and in central Canada, ranging from northeastern Minnesota to northwestern Ontario and probably elsewhere.
Nations: CA,US
States/Provinces: MN, ON, QC?
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.685185
Confidence Level: High
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G5
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.6 Eastern White Pine - Jack Pine - Northern Pin Oak Forest & Woodland Macrogroup | M159 | 1.B.2.Na.6 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.6.c Jack Pine - Red Pine - Black Spruce Subboreal Forest Group | G047 | 1.B.2.Na.6.c |
| Alliance | A3838 Jack Pine - Black Spruce / Blueberry species Subboreal Forest Alliance | A3838 | 1.B.2.Na.6.c |
| Association | CEGL002437 Jack Pine / Balsam Fir Forest | CEGL002437 | 1.B.2.Na.6.c |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Pinus banksiana / Abies balsamea Forest (Faber-Langendoen 2001)
= Jack Pine (Fir) (Ohmann and Ream 1971)
= Jack Pine Forest (Northeast Section) Jack Pine - Fir Subtype (MNNHP 1993)
= Jack Pine-Fir (Grigal and Ohmann 1975)
= Jack Pine (Fir) (Ohmann and Ream 1971)
= Jack Pine Forest (Northeast Section) Jack Pine - Fir Subtype (MNNHP 1993)
= Jack Pine-Fir (Grigal and Ohmann 1975)
- CDPNQ [Centre de données sur le patrimoine naturel du Québec]. No date. Unpublished data. Centre de données sur le patrimoine naturel du Québec, Québec.
- Faber-Langendoen, D., editor. 2001. Plant communities of the Midwest: Classification in an ecological context. Association for Biodiversity Information, Arlington, VA. 61 pp. plus appendix (705 pp.).
- Farrand, W. R., and D. L. Bell. 1982. Quaternary geology of northern Michigan. University of Michigan, Lansing.
- Grigal, D. F., and L. F. Ohmann. 1975. Classification, description, and dynamics of upland plant communities within a Minnesota wilderness area. Ecological Monographs 45:389-407.
- Hop, K., D. Faber-Langendoen, M. Lew-Smith, N. Aaseng, and S. Lubinski. [1999]. USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program: Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota. USDI U.S. Geological Survey, La Crosse, WI. 210 pp.
- Hop, K., S. Menard, J. Drake, S. Lubinski, D. Faber-Langendoen, and J. Dieck. 2010b. National Park Service Vegetation Inventory Program: Grand Portage National Monument, Minnesota. Natural Resource Report NPS/GLKN/NRR-2010/200. National Park Service, Fort Collins, CO. 202 pp.
- Hop, K., S. Menard, J. Drake, S. Lubinski, and J. Dieck. 2010c. National Park Service Vegetation Inventory Program: Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Michigan. Natural Resource Report NPS/GLKN/NRR-2010/201. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. 358 pp.
- MNNHP [Minnesota Natural Heritage Program]. 1993. Minnesota''s native vegetation: A key to natural communities. Version 1.5. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Natural Heritage Program, St. Paul, MN. 110 pp.
- Midwestern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Minneapolis, MN.
- Minnesota DNR [Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]. 2003-2005a. Field guide to the native plant communities of Minnesota. Three volumes: The Laurentian Mixed Forest Province (2003), The Eastern Broadleaf Forest Province (2005c), The Prairie Parkland and Tallgrass Aspen Parklands provinces (2005b). Ecological Land Classification Program, Minnesota County Biological Survey, and Natural Heritage and Nongame Research Program. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul.
- ONHIC [Ontario Natural Heritage Information Centre]. 2018. Unpublished data. Ontario Natural Heritage Information Centre, Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario, Canada.
- Ohmann, L. F., and P. R. Ream. 1971. Wilderness ecology: Virgin plant communities of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area. Research Paper NC-63. USDA Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, St. Paul, MN. 35 pp.
- Sims, R. A., W. D. Towill, K. A. Baldwin, P. Uhlig, and G. M. Wickware. 1997. Field guide to the forest ecosystem classification for northwestern Ontario. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, North West Science and Technology, Thunder Bay, ON. Field Guide FG-03. 176 pp.
- Sims, R. A., W. D. Towill, K. A. Baldwin, and G. M. Wickware. 1989. Field guide to the forest ecosystem classification for northwestern Ontario. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Toronto. 191 pp.