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CEGL002062 Acer saccharum - Tilia americana / Ostrya virginiana - Carpinus caroliniana Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Sugar Maple - American Basswood / Hophornbeam - American Hornbeam Forest
Colloquial Name: North-Central Maple - Basswood Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This maple - basswood forest is found in the north-central United States. Stands occur on flat to steep slopes on loamy soils derived from glacial till or, less commonly, loess. The soils are well-drained, fertile, and deep. The tree canopy of this community is moderately dense to dense and greatly affects the composition of the understory. Acer saccharum and Tilia americana are the most prevalent tree species. Other common tree species include Carpinus caroliniana, Carya cordiformis, Carya ovata, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Juglans nigra, Ostrya virginiana, Quercus alba, Quercus rubra, and Ulmus spp. The scattered shrub layer contains species such as Cornus alternifolia, Ribes spp., Sambucus spp., and Zanthoxylum americanum. Spring ephemerals are a distinctive part of the herbaceous layer. Common herbaceous species include Anemone quinquefolia, Claytonia spp., Dicentra cucullaria, Erythronium spp., Polygonatum pubescens, Sanicula odorata, Trillium grandiflorum, and Uvularia grandiflora.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: This association most closely corresponds to the Maple - Basswood forest (type 99) by Kuchler (1964), though that concept also includes CEGL005017. This type may be in Indiana [see Lindsey et al. (1969), p. 532-533 at Ecology Cove Dune State Park]. Pure basswood stands in the western part of range are placed in ~Tilia americana - (Quercus macrocarpa) / Ostrya virginiana Forest (CEGL002012)$$. Stands in northwestern Wisconsin probably should go with ~Acer saccharum - Tilia americana / Ostrya virginiana / Lonicera canadensis Forest (CEGL002458)$$. Compare with ~Acer saccharum - Acer nigrum - Tilia americana - Quercus rubra / Ostrya virginiana Forest (CEGL002061)$$ in the central Midwest. In Iowa, this type is found primarily in the northeast. The stands in South Dakota are very limited, where see also CEGL002012.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: The tree canopy of this community is moderately dense to dense and greatly affects the composition of the understory. Only shade-tolerant species are able to persist (Curtis 1959). Acer saccharum and Tilia americana are the most prevalent tree species. Other common tree species include Carpinus caroliniana, Carya cordiformis, Carya ovata, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Juglans nigra, Ostrya virginiana, Quercus alba, Quercus rubra, and Ulmus spp. The scattered shrub layer contains species such as Cornus alternifolia, Ribes spp., Sambucus spp., and Zanthoxylum americanum. Spring ephemerals are a distinctive part of the herbaceous layer. Common herbaceous species include Anemone quinquefolia, Claytonia spp., Dicentra cucullaria, Erythronium spp., Polygonatum pubescens, Sanicula odorata (= Sanicula gregaria), Trillium grandiflorum, and Uvularia grandiflora (Curtis 1959, MNNHP 1993). In more disturbed examples of this association such as those found at Effigy Mounds National Monument in Iowa, Laportea canadensis can range from moderate to very dense and can almost exclusively dominate the understory in some examples.
Dynamics: No Data Available
Environmental Description: This community is found on flat to steep slopes on loamy soils derived from glacial till or, less commonly, loess (Curtis 1959). The soils are well-drained, fertile, and deep (MNNHP 1993).
Geographic Range: This maple - basswood forest is found in the north-central United States, ranging from northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin to eastern Iowa, south-central Minnesota and isolated occurrences west to southeast South Dakota.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: IA, IL, IN, MN, SD, WI
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.684599
Confidence Level: Moderate
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G3G4
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.5 Central Midwest Mesic Forest Macrogroup | M882 | 1.B.2.Na.5 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.5.b American Beech - Sugar Maple - Oak species Forest Group | G021 | 1.B.2.Na.5.b |
| Alliance | A0220 Sugar Maple - American Basswood - Northern Red Oak Forest Alliance | A0220 | 1.B.2.Na.5.b |
| Association | CEGL002062 Sugar Maple - American Basswood / Hophornbeam - American Hornbeam Forest | CEGL002062 | 1.B.2.Na.5.b |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Acer saccharum - Tilia americana / Ostrya virginiana - Carpinus caroliniana Forest (Faber-Langendoen 2001) [Southern Mesic Forest Maple-Basswood Southern Subtype]
> Acer Forest (Cahayla-Wynne and Glenn-Lewis 1978)
> Tilia Forest (Cahayla-Wynne and Glenn-Lewis 1978)
< Maple - Basswood Forest (Küchler 1964) [Type 99]
< Southern Mesic Forest (Curtis 1959)
> Acer Forest (Cahayla-Wynne and Glenn-Lewis 1978)
> Tilia Forest (Cahayla-Wynne and Glenn-Lewis 1978)
< Maple - Basswood Forest (Küchler 1964) [Type 99]
< Southern Mesic Forest (Curtis 1959)
- Cahayla-Wynne, R., and D. C. Glenn-Lewin. 1978. The forest vegetation of the Driftless Area, northeast Iowa. The American Midland Naturalist 100:307-319.
- Curtis, J. T. 1959. The vegetation of Wisconsin: An ordination of plant communities. Reprinted in 1987. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison. 657 pp.
- Daubenmire, R. F. 1936. The "Big Woods" of Minnesota: Its structure and relation to climate, fire, and soils. Ecological Monographs 6(2):233-268.
- Faber-Langendoen, D., editor. 2001. Plant communities of the Midwest: Classification in an ecological context. Association for Biodiversity Information, Arlington, VA. 61 pp. plus appendix (705 pp.).
- Grimm, E. C. 1984. Fire and other factors controlling the Big Woods vegetation of Minnesota in the mid-nineteenth century. Ecological Monographs 54(3):291-311.
- Hop, K., S. Lubinski, J. Dieck, J. Drake, and S. Menard. 2009. National Park Service Vegetation Inventory Program: Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana. USDI U.S. Geological Survey, La Crosse, WI, and NatureServe, St. Paul, MN. 312 pp.
- Hop, K., S. Lubinski, and S. Menard. 2005. U.S. Geological Survey-National Park Service Vegetation Mapping Program, Effigy Mounds National Monument, Iowa. USDI U.S. Geological Survey, La Crosse, WI. 202 pp.
- INAI [Iowa Natural Areas Inventory]. 2017. Vegetation classification of Iowa. Iowa Natural Areas Inventory, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines.
- Küchler, A. W. 1964. Potential natural vegetation of the conterminous United States. American Geographic Society Special Publication 36. New York, NY. 116 pp.
- Lindsey, A. A., D. V. Schmelz, and S. A. Nichols. 1969. Natural areas in Indiana and their preservation. Indiana Natural Areas Survey. Purdue University, Lafayette, IN. 594 pp.
- MNNHP [Minnesota Natural Heritage Program]. 1993. Minnesota''s native vegetation: A key to natural communities. Version 1.5. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Natural Heritage Program, St. Paul, MN. 110 pp.
- Midwestern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Minneapolis, MN.
- Minnesota DNR [Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]. 2003-2005a. Field guide to the native plant communities of Minnesota. Three volumes: The Laurentian Mixed Forest Province (2003), The Eastern Broadleaf Forest Province (2005c), The Prairie Parkland and Tallgrass Aspen Parklands provinces (2005b). Ecological Land Classification Program, Minnesota County Biological Survey, and Natural Heritage and Nongame Research Program. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul.
- Minnesota DNR [Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]. 2005c. Field guide to the native plant communities of Minnesota: The Eastern Broadleaf Forest Province. Ecological Land Classification Program, Minnesota County Biological Survey, and Natural Heritage and Nongame Research Program. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul.
- SDNHP [South Dakota Natural Heritage Program]. 2018. Unpublished data. South Dakota Natural Heritage Program, Pierre, SD.
- WDNR [Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources]. 2015. The ecological landscapes of Wisconsin: An assessment of ecological resources and a guide to planning sustainable management. PUB-SS-1131 2015. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison. [http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/landscapes/Book.html]
- White, J., and M. Madany. 1978. Classification of natural communities in Illinois. Pages 311-405 in: Natural Areas Inventory technical report: Volume I, survey methods and results. Illinois Natural Areas Inventory, Urbana, IL.