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CEGL004427 Nyssa biflora - (Acer rubrum) / Ilex opaca / Leucothoe axillaris / Carex atlantica ssp. capillacea Swamp Forest

Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available


Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Swamp Tupelo - (Red Maple) / American Holly / Coastal Doghobble / Prickly Bog Sedge Swamp Forest

Colloquial Name: Swamp Tupelo Floodplain Seepage Forest

Hierarchy Level:  Association

Type Concept: This community occurs in floodplain edges of brownwater floodplains in the South Atlantic and Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plains, in situations that are very rarely flooded by alluvial waters, but which receive regular seepage from adjacent upland slopes. The hydrology is constantly saturated, and soils are acidic and organic. The canopy is strongly dominated by Nyssa biflora, with some Acer rubrum, Quercus michauxii, Magnolia virginiana, Liriodendron tulipifera, and Liquidambar styraciflua. The subcanopy has abundant Ilex opaca, with some Acer rubrum and Liquidambar styraciflua. The shrub layer is dominated by Leucothoe axillaris, with Itea virginica, Clethra alnifolia, Persea palustris, and Arundinaria gigantea also present. Woody vines such as Decumaria barbara, Toxicodendron radicans, and Vitis sp. are locally common. The herb layer is well-developed and is dominated by species such as Carex atlantica ssp. capillacea, Carex bromoides ssp. bromoides, and Woodwardia areolata. Other herbs include Boehmeria cylindrica, Osmunda cinnamomea, Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis, Ludwigia palustris, Macbridea caroliniana, Carex leptalea, Platanthera clavellata, Hydrocotyle verticillata var. verticillata, and Mitchella repens. Sphagnum spp. have substantial cover.

Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available

Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available

Classification Comments: Few stands of this vegetation type have been studied, and rangewide information is limited (TNC 1998b).

Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available

Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available

Floristics: The canopy of this association is strongly dominated by Nyssa biflora, with some Acer rubrum, Quercus michauxii, Magnolia virginiana, Liriodendron tulipifera, and Liquidambar styraciflua. The subcanopy has abundant Ilex opaca, with some Acer rubrum and Liquidambar styraciflua. Some stands may have Quercus michauxii present. The shrub layer is dominated by Leucothoe axillaris, with Itea virginica, Clethra alnifolia, Persea palustris, and Arundinaria gigantea also present. Woody vines such as Decumaria barbara, Toxicodendron radicans, and Vitis sp. are locally common. The herb layer is well-developed and is dominated by species such as Carex atlantica ssp. capillacea, Carex bromoides ssp. bromoides, and Woodwardia areolata. Other herbs include Boehmeria cylindrica, Osmunda cinnamomea, Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis, Ludwigia palustris, Macbridea caroliniana, Carex leptalea, Platanthera clavellata, Hydrocotyle verticillata var. verticillata, and Mitchella repens. Sphagnum spp. have substantial cover.

Dynamics:  No Data Available

Environmental Description:  This community occurs in floodplain edges of brownwater floodplains, in situations that are very rarely flooded by alluvial waters, but which receive regular seepage from adjacent upland slopes. The hydrology is constantly saturated, and soils are acidic and organic. At Congaree Swamp National Monument, this community is associated almost exclusively with Dorovan muck soils (TNC 1998b). At Fort Benning (Georgia/Alabama), this saturated forest type occurs in floodplain flats and along floodplain edges. It is not saturated as a result of stream or river flooding, but rather due to seepage from adjacent sloping areas. This association may occur in these situations due to a difference in soil structure such as a subsurface clay layer that could lead to the saturated soil surface. The shrub layer in these associations is open and, as a result, there is more diversity in the associated herbs. This is in contrast to ~Nyssa biflora - Acer rubrum var. trilobum - Liriodendron tulipifera / Ilex coriacea - Lyonia lucida Swamp Forest (CEGL004645)$$, which is a saturated forest type that is typically found in the longleaf pine matrix in sandhill situations as small, narrow patches along small intermittent streams, and ~Liriodendron tulipifera - Nyssa biflora - Magnolia virginiana / Toxicodendron vernix - Morella caroliniensis / Osmunda regalis Swamp Forest (CEGL004772)$$, which is a saturated forest that is also found in longleaf pine matrix woodland situations. It appears to be most common in areas that are more mesic than those seen in sandhill situations (for example along larger streams and creeks).

Geographic Range: This community occurs in floodplain edges of brownwater floodplains in the South Atlantic and Mid-Atlantic coastal plains of Georgia and South Carolina.

Nations: US

States/Provinces:  GA, SC




Confidence Level: Moderate

Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available

Grank: G2G3

Greasons: No Data Available


Concept Lineage: No Data Available

Predecessors: No Data Available

Obsolete Names: No Data Available

Obsolete Parents: No Data Available

Synonomy: = Nyssa biflora - (Acer rubrum) / Ilex opaca / Leucothoe axillaris / Carex atlantica ssp. capillacea Forest (Landaal et al. 1998) [Plots 1-36; 2-03; 2-24; 2-44; 2-45; 2-54]

Concept Author(s): A.S. Weakley

Author of Description: M. Pyne

Acknowledgements: No Data Available

Version Date: 10-15-02

  • GNHP [Georgia Natural Heritage Program]. 2018. Unpublished data. Georgia Natural Heritage Program, Wildlife Resources Division, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Social Circle.
  • Landaal, S., A. Weakley, and J. Drake. 1998. Classification of the vegetation of Congaree National Park. Report to BRD-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program, National Park Service, The Nature Conservancy, Chapel Hill, NC. 67 pp.
  • Peet, R. K., T. R. Wentworth, M. P. Schafale, and A.S. Weakley. No date. Unpublished data of the North Carolina Vegetation Survey. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
  • SCWMRD [South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department]. 2018. Unpublished data. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Columbia.
  • Southeastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Durham, NC.