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CEGL006929 Quercus falcata - Pinus rigida - Pinus echinata / Ilex opaca Woodland
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Southern Red Oak - Pitch Pine - Shortleaf Pine / American Holly Woodland
Colloquial Name: Mixed Oak - Pine / Holly Woodland
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This oak-pine-holly forest is found in the coastal uplands of peninsular Cape May and other coastal uplands within a few miles of Atlantic bays and salt marsh, as well as inland edges of the southern Pinelands near major river wetlands. Quercus alba, Quercus falcata, Quercus coccinea, and Quercus velutina are usually dominant trees (cover exceeds 50%), with smaller amounts of Pinus rigida, Pinus echinata and Pinus virginiana. A subcanopy of Ilex opaca is particularly characteristic of this type, and Cornus florida is also sometimes present. Small amounts of other tree species are sometimes present in the canopy or subcanopy, such as Quercus stellata, Sassafras albidum, Carya pallida, and Carya alba in drier sites, or Acer rubrum, Nyssa sylvatica and Liquidambar styraciflua in mesic sites, but these species are more typical of other community types (i.e., Ow1, OH3 vs OHH, respectively). Shrubs include Gaylussacia frondosa, Gaylussacia baccata, Vaccinium pallidum, and Vaccinium corymbosum. Morella pensylvanica is occasionally present. Some areas of this community have dense Kalmia latifolia in the shrub layer. Smilax rotundifolia and Parthenocissus quinquefolia are common vines. Herbs are sparse but may include Carex pensylvanica, Gaultheria procumbens, Melampyrum lineare, Deschampsia flexuosa, and Chimaphila maculata.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: Diagnostic species include Quercus falcata, Ilex opaca, Pinus echinata, and Pinus rigida.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: Quercus alba, Quercus falcata, Quercus coccinea, and Quercus velutina are usually dominant trees (cover exceeds 50%), with smaller amounts of Pinus rigida and Pinus echinata. Pinus virginiana, Carya pallida, and Carya alba may occur in some stands. Ilex opaca, Sassafras albidum, Acer rubrum, and Liquidambar styraciflua are canopy and subcanopy associates. Shrubs include Gaylussacia frondosa, Gaylussacia baccata, and Vaccinium pallidum and occasionally Vaccinium corymbosum and Morella pensylvanica. A mesic variant of this community has dense Kalmia latifolia in the shrub layer. Herbs are sparse but may include Carex pensylvanica, Gaultheria procumbens, Melampyrum lineare, Deschampsia flexuosa, and Chimaphila maculata. Pockets of oak-heath forest may occur where the pine cover drops to less than 1%.
Dynamics: The codominance of fire-tolerant oaks with fire-sensitive holly and the generally low pine cover suggest that stand-replacing wildfires were infrequent relative to the Pinelands interior due to regional edge effects, with mean fire-return intervals of perhaps 100-200 years. The coastal influence on climate which moderates temperatures and expands growing season also enhances the abundance of holly and southern red oak.
Environmental Description: This is an oak-pine matrix forest found in the uplands of peninsular Cape May and along the New Jersey coast and major rivers of the southern Pinelands. It occurs on dry, sandy, acidic soils in the unglaciated portion of the Coastal Plain in New Jersey. Topography varies from flat to rolling hills.
Geographic Range: This association occurs on the Outer Coastal Plain of New Jersey.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: NJ
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.684261
Confidence Level: Low - Poorly Documented
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G3G5
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.9 Pitch Pine - oak spp. - American Holly North Atlantic Forest Macrogroup | M525 | 1.B.2.Na.9 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.9.c Pitch Pine - American Beech / Northern Bayberry Maritime Forest Group | G893 | 1.B.2.Na.9.c |
| Alliance | A2032 Black Oak - American Beech - American Holly Maritime Forest Alliance | A2032 | 1.B.2.Na.9.c |
| Association | CEGL006929 Southern Red Oak - Pitch Pine - Shortleaf Pine / American Holly Woodland | CEGL006929 | 1.B.2.Na.9.c |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: ? Pine - Oak Forest (PO1) (Windisch 2014a)
- Breden, T. F., Y. R. Alger, K. S. Walz, and A. G. Windisch. 2001. Classification of vegetation communities of New Jersey: Second iteration. Association for Biodiversity Information and New Jersey Natural Heritage Program, Office of Natural Lands Management, Division of Parks and Forestry, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Trenton.
- Eastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Boston, MA.
- NatureServe. 2009. Vegetation of the E.B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge. International Ecological Classification Standard: Terrestrial Ecological Classifications. NatureServe Central Databases. Arlington, VA. U.S.A. Data current as of 1 December 2009.
- Windisch, A .G. 2014a. Pinelands ecological communities and higher level groups with crosswalk / proposed 2008 revisions to NVC. November 16, 2014 draft. New Jersey Natural Heritage Program, Trenton.
- Windisch, A. G. 1995b. Natural community inventory of Fort Dix, New Jersey. The Nature Conservancy report. New Jersey Natural Heritage Program, Office of Natural Lands Management. Trenton, NJ. 81 pp.
- Windisch, A. G. 2008. Pinelands Ecological Communities. Map codes, names, element codes and provisional ranks (April 29, 2008 Draft). New Jersey Natural Heritage Program, Trenton.