Print Report
CEGL006354 Pinus virginiana - Quercus falcata - Carya pallida Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Virginia Pine - Southern Red Oak - Sand Hickory Forest
Colloquial Name: Inland Dune Ridge Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This xeric pine forest of the central Atlantic Coastal Plain occurs on inland sand dune ridges. Pinus virginiana is codominant with a variety of oak species, including Quercus falcata, Quercus nigra, Quercus alba, Quercus stellata, and Quercus velutina. Carya pallida and Carya tomentosa can also occur. Other canopy and subcanopy associates may include Sassafras albidum, Pinus taeda, Quercus montana, Quercus marilandica, Prunus serotina, Cornus florida, Nyssa sylvatica, and Diospyros virginiana. The shrub layer may include Gaylussacia frondosa, Ilex opaca, Vaccinium pallidum, Gaylussacia baccata, Kalmia angustifolia, Comptonia peregrina, and Vaccinium stamineum. The herbaceous layer is generally sparse, but is more abundant in openings. Characteristic herbs may include Cypripedium acaule, Carex tonsa, Carex nigromarginata, Carex albicans, Carex albicans var. emmonsii, Tephrosia virginiana, Tephrosia spicata, Dichanthelium commutatum, Dichanthelium ovale, Chimaphila maculata, Melampyrum lineare, and Mitchella repens. Less frequent species may include Euphorbia ipecacuanhae, Baptisia tinctoria, Lupinus perennis, Pteridium aquilinum, Chimaphila umbellata, Monotropa uniflora, and Desmodium strictum. Lichens of the genus Cladonia are common. Vines such as Smilax glauca, Smilax rotundifolia, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, and Vitis rotundifolia are common at low cover.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: J. Harrison (pers. comm. 2006) states: "Most of the stands observed in Maryland are dominated by Pinus virginiana, which is believed to be artificial due to past clearing. The concept is similar to stands in the Pocomoke River watershed, Maryland, which are dominated by Pinus echinata. Tephrosia spicata and Lupinus perennis are rare in Maryland and usually confined to dry, artificially open habitats such as old logging roads and sandy roadsides."
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: Pinus virginiana is codominant with a variety of oak species, including Quercus falcata, Quercus nigra, Quercus alba, Quercus stellata, and Quercus velutina. Carya pallida and Carya tomentosa can also occur. Other canopy and subcanopy associates may include Sassafras albidum, Pinus taeda, Quercus montana (= Quercus prinus), Quercus marilandica, Prunus serotina, Cornus florida, Nyssa sylvatica, and Diospyros virginiana. The shrub layer may include Gaylussacia frondosa, Ilex opaca, Vaccinium pallidum (= Vaccinium vacillans), Gaylussacia baccata, Kalmia angustifolia, Comptonia peregrina, and Vaccinium stamineum. The herbaceous layer is generally sparse, but is more abundant in openings. Characteristic herbs may include Cypripedium acaule, Carex tonsa, Carex nigromarginata, Carex albicans, Carex albicans var. emmonsii (= Carex emmonsii), Tephrosia virginiana, Tephrosia spicata, Dichanthelium commutatum, Dichanthelium ovale, Chimaphila maculata, Melampyrum lineare, and Mitchella repens. Less frequent species may include Euphorbia ipecacuanhae, Baptisia tinctoria, Lupinus perennis, Pteridium aquilinum, Chimaphila umbellata, Monotropa uniflora, and Desmodium strictum. Lichens of the genus Cladonia (= Cladina) are common. Vines such as Smilax glauca, Smilax rotundifolia, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, and Vitis rotundifolia are common at low cover.
Dynamics: No Data Available
Environmental Description: This xeric pine forest occurs on inland sand dune ridges.
Geographic Range: This association is currently described from Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, and Virginia.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: DE, MD, NJ, VA
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.683939
Confidence Level: Low - Poorly Documented
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: GNR
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.9 Pitch Pine - oak spp. - American Holly North Atlantic Forest Macrogroup | M525 | 1.B.2.Na.9 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.9.b Black Oak - American Beech - Pitch Pine Coastal Plain Forest Group | G894 | 1.B.2.Na.9.b |
| Alliance | A3113 Southern Red Oak - Sand Hickory - Pine species Mid-Atlantic Paleodune Woodland Alliance | A3113 | 1.B.2.Na.9.b |
| Association | CEGL006354 Virginia Pine - Southern Red Oak - Sand Hickory Forest | CEGL006354 | 1.B.2.Na.9.b |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: No Data Available
- Berdine, M. A. 1998. Maryland vegetation classification. Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Annapolis, MD.
- Breden, T. F., Y. R. Alger, K. S. Walz, and A. G. Windisch. 2001. Classification of vegetation communities of New Jersey: Second iteration. Association for Biodiversity Information and New Jersey Natural Heritage Program, Office of Natural Lands Management, Division of Parks and Forestry, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Trenton.
- Coxe, R. 2009. Guide to Delaware vegetation communities. Spring 2009 edition. State of Delaware, Division of Fish and Wildlife, Delaware Natural Heritage Program, Smyrna.
- Eastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Boston, MA.
- Fleming, G. P., K. D. Patterson, and K. Taverna. 2017. The natural communities of Virginia: A classification of ecological community groups and community types. Third approximation. Version 3.0. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, Richmond, VA. [http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/natural-communities/]
- Fleming, G. P., and K. D. Patterson. 2003. Preliminary vegetation classification for the National Capitol Region parks. Regional (VA-WVA-MD-DC) analysis prepared for NatureServe and USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program, March 2003. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, Richmond.
- Harrison, J. W. 2011. The natural communities of Maryland: 2011 working list of ecological community groups and community types. Unpublished report. Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife and Heritage Service, Natural Heritage Program, Annapolis. 33 pp.
- Harrison, J. W., compiler. 2004. Classification of vegetation communities of Maryland: First iteration. A subset of the International Classification of Ecological Communities: Terrestrial Vegetation of the United States, NatureServe. Maryland Natural Heritage Program, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Annapolis. 243 pp.
- Harrison, Jason W. Personal communication. State Community Ecologist, Maryland Wildlife and Heritage Division, Department of Natural Resources, Annapolis, MD.
- Windisch, A. G. Personal communication. Ecologist, New Jersey Natural Heritage Program, Office of Lands Management, Trenton, NJ.