Print Report
CEGL002481 Pinus strobus - Quercus alba / (Corylus americana, Gaylussacia baccata) Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Eastern White Pine - White Oak / (American Hazelnut, Black Huckleberry) Forest
Colloquial Name: White Pine - White Oak Sand Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This white pine - oak forest is found in the upper midwestern United States. Stands occur on dry sandy soils, and in central Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, are typically formed on sandy outwash or lakeplains. Pinus strobus dominates the canopy, or may form a supercanopy over a hardwood canopy. Typical canopy associates include Pinus resinosa (in parts of its range), Quercus alba, Quercus rubra, and Acer rubrum. Where soils are more sandy, Populus grandidentata and Quercus ellipsoidalis may be important. Shrub species include Corylus americana and Gaylussacia baccata. The herbaceous layer can contain Aquilegia canadensis, Aralia nudicaulis, Eurybia macrophylla, Symphyotrichum urophyllum, Carex pensylvanica, Gaultheria procumbens, Lysimachia quadrifolia, Polygala paucifolia, and Pteridium aquilinum.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: The concept of the type is a mature pine - oak forest type on sand plains. It may be that Minnesota White Pine Hardwood Forest SE, Dry Subtype is not a good crosswalk to this type if it is found on dry bluffs. Compare this type to ~Pinus strobus - (Pinus resinosa) - Quercus rubra Forest (CEGL002480)$$ (where Minnesota White Pine Hardwood NC type is crosswalked). Indiana and Illinois stands, if not on sand, may best fit with ~Pinus strobus - (Pinus resinosa) - Quercus rubra Forest (CEGL002480)$$.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: Pinus strobus dominates the canopy, or may form a supercanopy over a hardwood canopy. Typical canopy associates include Pinus resinosa (in parts of its range), Quercus alba, Quercus rubra, and Acer rubrum. Where soils are more sandy, Populus grandidentata and Quercus ellipsoidalis may be important. Shrub species include Corylus americana and Gaylussacia baccata (rare in Minnesota). The herbaceous layer can contain Aquilegia canadensis, Aralia nudicaulis, Eurybia macrophylla (= Aster macrophyllus), Symphyotrichum cordifolium (= Aster sagittifolius), Carex pensylvanica, Gaultheria procumbens, Lysimachia quadrifolia, Polygala paucifolia, and Pteridium aquilinum (MNNHP 1993, E. Epstein pers. comm. 1994).
Dynamics: A long-interval fire regime (100-200 years) may be the source disturbance of these stands (E. Epstein pers. comm. 1994).
Environmental Description: Soils are often fine sands, and in central Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, are typically formed on sandy outwash plains or lakeplains.
Geographic Range: This white pine - oak forest is found in the upper midwestern United States on dry typically sandy sites. It ranges from east-central Minnesota, central Wisconsin and central Michigan, south to northern Illinois and possibly northern Indiana.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: MI, MN, WI
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.683898
Confidence Level: Moderate
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G3
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.6 Eastern White Pine - Jack Pine - Northern Pin Oak Forest & Woodland Macrogroup | M159 | 1.B.2.Na.6 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.6.f <i>Pinus resinosa - Pinus banksiana - Quercus rubra</i> Forest & Woodland Group | G907 | 1.B.2.Na.6.f |
| Alliance | A4127 Eastern White Pine - Red Pine - Northern Red Oak Forest & Woodland Alliance | A4127 | 1.B.2.Na.6.f |
| Association | CEGL002481 Eastern White Pine - White Oak / (American Hazelnut, Black Huckleberry) Forest | CEGL002481 | 1.B.2.Na.6.f |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Pinus strobus - Quercus alba / (Corylus americana, Gaylussacia baccata) Forest (Faber-Langendoen 2001) [Northern Dry-Mesic Forest White Pine-White Oak Sand Subtype]
= Dry-Mesic Northern Forest - White Pine-White Oak (Chapman et al. 1989)
= White Pine - Hardwood Forest (Southeast Section) Dry Subtype (MNNHP 1993)
= Dry-Mesic Northern Forest - White Pine-White Oak (Chapman et al. 1989)
= White Pine - Hardwood Forest (Southeast Section) Dry Subtype (MNNHP 1993)
- Chapman, K. A., D. A. Albert, and G. A. Reese. 1989. Draft descriptions of Michigan''s natural community types. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, MI. 35 pp.
- Epstein, Eric. Personal communication. Community Ecologist, Wisconsin Natural Heritage Program, Madison, WI.
- Faber-Langendoen, D., editor. 2001. Plant communities of the Midwest: Classification in an ecological context. Association for Biodiversity Information, Arlington, VA. 61 pp. plus appendix (705 pp.).
- Homoya, M. A., J. Aldrich, J. Bacone, L. Casebere, and T. Post. 1988. Indiana natural community classification. Indiana Natural Heritage Program, Indianapolis, IN. Unpublished manuscript.
- Hop, K., S. Lubinski, J. Dieck, J. Drake, and S. Menard. 2009. National Park Service Vegetation Inventory Program: Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana. USDI U.S. Geological Survey, La Crosse, WI, and NatureServe, St. Paul, MN. 312 pp.
- Kost, M. A., D. A. Albert, J. G. Cohen, B. S. Slaughter, R. K. Schillo, C. R. Weber, and K. A. Chapman. 2007. Natural communities of Michigan: Classification and description. Report No. 2007-21, Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Lansing. 314 pp. [http://web4.msue.msu.edu/mnfi/reports/2007-21_Natural_Communites_of_Michigan_Classification_and_Description.pdf]
- MNNHP [Minnesota Natural Heritage Program]. 1993. Minnesota''s native vegetation: A key to natural communities. Version 1.5. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Natural Heritage Program, St. Paul, MN. 110 pp.
- Midwestern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Minneapolis, MN.
- Minnesota DNR [Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]. 2003-2005a. Field guide to the native plant communities of Minnesota. Three volumes: The Laurentian Mixed Forest Province (2003), The Eastern Broadleaf Forest Province (2005c), The Prairie Parkland and Tallgrass Aspen Parklands provinces (2005b). Ecological Land Classification Program, Minnesota County Biological Survey, and Natural Heritage and Nongame Research Program. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul.
- Minnesota DNR [Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]. 2005c. Field guide to the native plant communities of Minnesota: The Eastern Broadleaf Forest Province. Ecological Land Classification Program, Minnesota County Biological Survey, and Natural Heritage and Nongame Research Program. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul.
- WDNR [Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources]. 2015. The ecological landscapes of Wisconsin: An assessment of ecological resources and a guide to planning sustainable management. PUB-SS-1131 2015. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison. [http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/landscapes/Book.html]
- White, J., and M. Madany. 1978. Classification of natural communities in Illinois. Pages 311-405 in: Natural Areas Inventory technical report: Volume I, survey methods and results. Illinois Natural Areas Inventory, Urbana, IL.