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CEGL002077 Quercus ellipsoidalis - (Quercus macrocarpa) Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Northern Pin Oak - (Bur Oak) Forest
Colloquial Name: Northern Pin Oak - Bur Oak Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This northern pin oak - bur oak forest community is found in the upper midwestern United States. Stands are found on sandy, well-drained to excessively well-drained soils. These develop from glacial outwash, glaciofluvial deposits, or alluvial sediments. The soils are relatively infertile and acidic. The tree canopy is moderately closed. In Minnesota, it is typically 70-80%. The more open stands tend to have well-developed shrub layers while closed-canopy stands have fewer shrubs. Some stands, especially those in which fire has been excluded for long periods, can have tree densities up to several hundred trees per hectare. Quercus ellipsoidalis is the dominant tree species and makes up the great majority of the canopy in most stands. Other common tree species include Pinus banksiana (especially in Wisconsin), Populus tremuloides, and sometimes Acer rubrum, Quercus alba, Quercus rubra, Quercus velutina, Quercus macrocarpa, and Prunus serotina. Shrubs such as Cornus racemosa, Corylus cornuta, Juniperus communis, and Vaccinium spp. are typical. The ground layer contains species such as Amphicarpaea bracteata, Asteraceae spp., Carex pensylvanica, Geranium maculatum, Maianthemum racemosum, and Pteridium aquilinum.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: Stands of this community typically contain at least 50% cover or basal area of Quercus ellipsoidalis. Stands in this association may be similar to stands in other Quercus velutina forest alliances. The type concept in Minnesota was developed by H. Dunevitz (pers. comm. 2000), who considers this type to be absent in subsections 222Lc and 222Lf, where soils are finer, loess-derived and more likely to retain moisture. Stands on drier slopes in these subsections are more likely to resemble dry-mesic stands that are classified as white oak - red oak forests, ~Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Carya ovata Glaciated Forest (CEGL002068)$$. See also ~Quercus velutina / Carex pensylvanica Forest (CEGL002078)$$, which is restricted to southeastern Minnesota.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: The tree canopy is moderately closed, with typically 70-80% cover (MNNHP 1993). The more open stands tend to have well-developed shrub layers while closed-canopy stands have fewer shrubs. Some stands, especially those in which fire has been excluded for long periods, can have tree densities up to several hundred trees per hectare (Curtis 1959). Quercus ellipsoidalis is the dominant tree species and comprises the great majority of the canopy in most stands. Other common tree species include Pinus banksiana (especially in Wisconsin), Populus tremuloides, and sometimes Acer rubrum, Quercus rubra, Quercus macrocarpa, Quercus velutina, and Prunus serotina. Shrubs such as Cornus racemosa, Corylus cornuta, Juniperus communis, and Vaccinium spp. are typical. The ground layer contains species such as Amphicarpaea bracteata, Asteraceae spp., Carex pensylvanica, Geranium maculatum, Maianthemum racemosum, and Pteridium aquilinum.
Dynamics: This forest type often occurs on sites that could support barrens or savanna communities. The forests develop where natural firebreaks have limited burning frequency or where fire suppression has been instituted (White and Madany 1978, E. Epstein pers. comm. 1999).
Environmental Description: Stands are found on sandy, well-drained to excessively well-drained soils. These develop from glacial outwash, glaciofluvial deposits, or alluvial sediments. The soils are relatively infertile and acidic (Eyre 1980). Stands can be found on flat to moderately sloping sites.
Geographic Range: This community, found in the upper midwestern United States, ranging from the northern parts of Indiana, Illinois, and Iowa, north to Minnesota, Wisconsin, and possibly Michigan.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: MI?, MN, WI
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.683694
Confidence Level: Moderate
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G4?
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.6 Eastern White Pine - Jack Pine - Northern Pin Oak Forest & Woodland Macrogroup | M159 | 1.B.2.Na.6 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.6.f <i>Pinus resinosa - Pinus banksiana - Quercus rubra</i> Forest & Woodland Group | G907 | 1.B.2.Na.6.f |
| Alliance | A3238 Jack Pine - Red Pine - Northern Pin Oak Forest & Woodland Alliance | A3238 | 1.B.2.Na.6.f |
| Association | CEGL002077 Northern Pin Oak - (Bur Oak) Forest | CEGL002077 | 1.B.2.Na.6.f |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Quercus ellipsoidalis - (Quercus macrocarpa) Forest (Faber-Langendoen 2001) [Northern Dry Forest Northern Pin Oak Subtype]
< Northern Pin Oak: 14 (Eyre 1980)
< Northern Pin Oak: 14 (Eyre 1980)
- Curtis, J. T. 1959. The vegetation of Wisconsin: An ordination of plant communities. Reprinted in 1987. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison. 657 pp.
- Eyre, F. H., editor. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Society of American Foresters, Washington, DC. 148 pp.
- Faber-Langendoen, D., editor. 2001. Plant communities of the Midwest: Classification in an ecological context. Association for Biodiversity Information, Arlington, VA. 61 pp. plus appendix (705 pp.).
- Hop, K., S. Menard, J. Drake, S. Lubinski, and J. Dieck. 2010a. National Park Service Vegetation Inventory Program: Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, Wisconsin. Natural Resource Report NPS/GLKN/NRR-2010/199. National Park Service, Fort Collins, CO. 310 pp.
- INAI [Iowa Natural Areas Inventory]. 2017. Vegetation classification of Iowa. Iowa Natural Areas Inventory, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines.
- Kost, M. A., D. A. Albert, J. G. Cohen, B. S. Slaughter, R. K. Schillo, C. R. Weber, and K. A. Chapman. 2007. Natural communities of Michigan: Classification and description. Report No. 2007-21, Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Lansing. 314 pp. [http://web4.msue.msu.edu/mnfi/reports/2007-21_Natural_Communites_of_Michigan_Classification_and_Description.pdf]
- MNNHP [Minnesota Natural Heritage Program]. 1993. Minnesota''s native vegetation: A key to natural communities. Version 1.5. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Natural Heritage Program, St. Paul, MN. 110 pp.
- Midwestern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Minneapolis, MN.
- Minnesota DNR [Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]. 2003-2005a. Field guide to the native plant communities of Minnesota. Three volumes: The Laurentian Mixed Forest Province (2003), The Eastern Broadleaf Forest Province (2005c), The Prairie Parkland and Tallgrass Aspen Parklands provinces (2005b). Ecological Land Classification Program, Minnesota County Biological Survey, and Natural Heritage and Nongame Research Program. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul.
- WDNR [Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources]. 2015. The ecological landscapes of Wisconsin: An assessment of ecological resources and a guide to planning sustainable management. PUB-SS-1131 2015. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison. [http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/landscapes/Book.html]