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CEGL005030 Quercus velutina - Quercus alba / Vaccinium (angustifolium, pallidum) / Carex pensylvanica Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Black Oak - White Oak / (Lowbush Blueberry, Blue Ridge Blueberry) / Pennsylvania Sedge Forest
Colloquial Name: Black Oak - White Oak / Blueberry Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This black oak - white oak-dominated forest community is found in the southern Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada. Stands occur on sandy, relatively flat, dry-mesic sites. The tree canopy is typically closed, with greater than 80% cover. Quercus velutina and Quercus alba are the dominant species. The shrub layer contains Vaccinium angustifolium and Vaccinium pallidum, at least in Ohio. The herbaceous layer can be strongly dominated by Carex pensylvanica.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: This type is found on sands, but tends to be dry-mesic, thereby increasing the relative contribution of Quercus alba in the type. The concept is initially derived from Illinois state type Dry-mesic sand forest (White and Madany 1978), where it can be found in Mason County, and may occur in close proximity to pure Quercus velutina stands, ~Quercus velutina / Carex pensylvanica Forest (CEGL002078)$$, which may be on dry sand ridges. Type may be in northern Indiana on sand. This type may historically have had a more woodland structure. In Michigan, type may be equivalent to Manistee National Forest ecological land types ELTP 10, 11, 12, if not too far north (Cleland et al. 1994). In Ohio this type represents acid Oak Openings region forest.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: The tree canopy is typically closed, with greater than 80% cover. Quercus velutina and Quercus alba are the dominant species. The shrub layer contains Vaccinium angustifolium and Vaccinium pallidum, at least in Ohio. The herbaceous layer can be strongly dominated by Carex pensylvanica (White and Madany 1978, Anderson 1996).
Dynamics: Sand forests occupy portions of sand deposits where natural firebreaks have greatly reduced burning frequency. Post-settlement fire exclusion has probably increased the acreage of sand forest at the expense of sand savannas (such as ~Quercus velutina - (Quercus alba) - Quercus ellipsoidalis / Schizachyrium scoparium - Lupinus perennis Wooded Grassland (CEGL002492)$$).
Environmental Description: Soils are well-drained (water moves through readily, but not rapidly), sandy and free of mottling. Horizons may be brownish, yellowish, grayish, or reddish. The soils may be mottled deep in the C horizon or below depths of 0.6 m. Stands are limited to areas of sand deposits.
Geographic Range: This oak-dominated forest community is found in the southern Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada, ranging from the northern parts of Illinois and Indiana to Michigan, Ohio and Ontario.
Nations: CA,US
States/Provinces: IL, IN, MI, OH, ON
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.683569
Confidence Level: Low - Poorly Documented
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G4?
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.4 White Oak - Bur Oak - Shagbark Hickory Forest, Woodland & Savanna Macrogroup | M012 | 1.B.2.Na.4 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.4.b North-Central Oak - Hickory Forest & Woodland Group | G649 | 1.B.2.Na.4.b |
| Alliance | A3326 Black Oak - White Oak North-Central Forest Alliance | A3326 | 1.B.2.Na.4.b |
| Association | CEGL005030 Black Oak - White Oak / (Lowbush Blueberry, Blue Ridge Blueberry) / Pennsylvania Sedge Forest | CEGL005030 | 1.B.2.Na.4.b |
Concept Lineage: Technically we aren''t really lumping 5187 into anything. We thought it might exist as a type, and IL had a minimal description based on some historical information, but apparently it doesn''t really exist.
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Quercus velutina - Quercus alba / Vaccinium (angustifolium, pallidum) / Carex pensylvanica Forest (Faber-Langendoen 2001)
= Dry-mesic sand forest (White and Madany 1978)
< Oak Barrens (Anderson 1996) [Anderson suggests that all physiognomic categories of forest, woodland, scrub and herbaceous could be applied to his concept of oak barrens. The more closed condition would fall under this type, and rarely under his oak-hickory forest type. In his chapter on Oak Forests, Anderson states, "Another oak forest type excluded from the general oak category is the black oak-white oak stands on beach ridges in northern Ohio, especially in and near the Oak Openings region west of Toledo. All of these, mostly closed canopied stands are closely related to the partly wooded oak barrens there, and most were probably somewhat open oak barrens themselves in the early 19th century. They may be legitimately considered as a newly formed, closed canopied oak type, but because of their close relationship with oak barrens and their limited areal extent, they are not separated here as a discrete, major forest type. They are included as part of the oak barren complex."]
= Dry-mesic sand forest (White and Madany 1978)
< Oak Barrens (Anderson 1996) [Anderson suggests that all physiognomic categories of forest, woodland, scrub and herbaceous could be applied to his concept of oak barrens. The more closed condition would fall under this type, and rarely under his oak-hickory forest type. In his chapter on Oak Forests, Anderson states, "Another oak forest type excluded from the general oak category is the black oak-white oak stands on beach ridges in northern Ohio, especially in and near the Oak Openings region west of Toledo. All of these, mostly closed canopied stands are closely related to the partly wooded oak barrens there, and most were probably somewhat open oak barrens themselves in the early 19th century. They may be legitimately considered as a newly formed, closed canopied oak type, but because of their close relationship with oak barrens and their limited areal extent, they are not separated here as a discrete, major forest type. They are included as part of the oak barren complex."]
- Anderson, D. M. 1996. The vegetation of Ohio: Two centuries of change. Draft. Ohio Biological Survey.
- Cleland, D. T., J. B. Hart, G. E. Host, K. S. Pregitzer, and C. W. Ramm. 1994. Field guide to the ecological classification and inventory system of the Huron-Manistee National Forest. USDA Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station.
- Faber-Langendoen, D., editor. 2001. Plant communities of the Midwest: Classification in an ecological context. Association for Biodiversity Information, Arlington, VA. 61 pp. plus appendix (705 pp.).
- Homoya, M. A., J. Aldrich, J. Bacone, L. Casebere, and T. Post. 1988. Indiana natural community classification. Indiana Natural Heritage Program, Indianapolis, IN. Unpublished manuscript.
- Hop, K., J. Drake, A. Strassman, E. Hoy, J. Jakusz, S. Menard, and J. Dieck. 2013. National Park Service Vegetation Inventory Program: Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio. Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/HTLN/NRT--2013/792. National Park Service, Fort Collins, CO. 302 pp.
- Kost, M. A., D. A. Albert, J. G. Cohen, B. S. Slaughter, R. K. Schillo, C. R. Weber, and K. A. Chapman. 2007. Natural communities of Michigan: Classification and description. Report No. 2007-21, Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Lansing. 314 pp. [http://web4.msue.msu.edu/mnfi/reports/2007-21_Natural_Communites_of_Michigan_Classification_and_Description.pdf]
- Lee, H., W. Bakowsky, J. Riley, J. Bowles, M. Puddister, P. Uhlig, and S. McMurray. 1998. Ecological land classification for southern Ontario: First approximation and its application. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Southcentral Science Section, Science Development and Transfer Branch. SCSS Field Guide FG-02.
- Midwestern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Minneapolis, MN.
- ONHD [Ohio Natural Heritage Database]. No date. Vegetation classification of Ohio and unpublished data. Ohio Natural Heritage Database, Division of Natural Areas and Preserves, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Columbus.
- ONHIC [Ontario Natural Heritage Information Centre]. 2018. Unpublished data. Ontario Natural Heritage Information Centre, Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario, Canada.
- White, J., and M. Madany. 1978. Classification of natural communities in Illinois. Pages 311-405 in: Natural Areas Inventory technical report: Volume I, survey methods and results. Illinois Natural Areas Inventory, Urbana, IL.