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CEGL005124 Pinus banksiana - Pinus resinosa - (Quercus ellipsoidalis) / Carex pensylvanica Wooded Grassland
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Jack Pine - Red Pine - (Northern Pin Oak) / Pennsylvania Sedge Wooded Grassland
Colloquial Name: Jack Pine - Red Pine Barrens
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This pine savanna is found in the western and central Great Lakes region of the United States. Stands occur on dry soils on flat to moderately sloping terrain. It consists of a sparse tree layer within a matrix of herbs and short shrubs. The trees are Pinus banksiana, Pinus resinosa, and sometimes Quercus ellipsoidalis. The shrub layer is discontinuous. Young Pinus banksiana and Pinus resinosa, and grubs of Quercus ellipsoidalis, along with Vaccinium spp. and Corylus americana are common constituents of the shrub layer. Gaylussacia baccata can be dominant in central Wisconsin stands. The cover by herbaceous plants is often reduced by the number of short shrubs, which may become thick in the absence of fire. Euphorbia corollata, Andropogon gerardii, and Symphyotrichum urophyllum are common herbs in Wisconsin.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: Type contains less of a prairie flora than does the related type, ~Pinus banksiana - (Quercus ellipsoidalis) / Schizachyrium scoparium - Prairie Forbs Woodland (CEGL002490)$$. Stands at Shaky Lake, Michigan (western Upper Peninsula), may belong to this type.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: Tree canopy 10-20 m tall, short shrub 0.5-2 m, and graminoid layer 0-2 m.
Floristics: This community consists of a sparse tree layer in a matrix of herbs and short shrubs. The trees are Pinus banksiana, Pinus resinosa, and sometimes Quercus ellipsoidalis. The shrub layer is discontinuous but includes many species. Young Pinus banksiana and Pinus resinosa, and grubs of Quercus ellipsoidalis, along with Vaccinium spp. and Corylus americana are common constituents of the shrub layer. Gaylussacia baccata can be dominant in central Wisconsin stands (Curtis 1959). The cover by herbaceous plants is often reduced by the number of short shrubs, which may become thick in the absence of fire. Carex pensylvanica, Euphorbia corollata, Andropogon gerardii, Symphyotrichum urophyllum (= Aster sagittifolius), and Symphyotrichum cordifolium (= Aster cordifolius) are common herbs in Wisconsin (Curtis 1959, Vogl 1970).
Dynamics: Comptonia peregrina and Vaccinium spp. increase in response to fire, despite their woody nature (Vogl 1970).
Environmental Description: This community is found on dry soils on flat to moderately sloping terrain.
Geographic Range: This pine savanna is found in the western and central Great Lakes region of the United States, occurring in Wisconsin and Michigan. In Michigan it occurs in both the High Plains of central lower Michigan and in scattered areas of the Upper Peninsula.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: MI, MN, WI
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.683554
Confidence Level: Moderate
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G3G4
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.6 Eastern White Pine - Jack Pine - Northern Pin Oak Forest & Woodland Macrogroup | M159 | 1.B.2.Na.6 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.6.d Jack Pine - Northern Pin Oak Barrens Group | G160 | 1.B.2.Na.6.d |
| Alliance | A1499 Jack Pine - Pine species - Oak species Barrens Woodland Alliance | A1499 | 1.B.2.Na.6.d |
| Association | CEGL005124 Jack Pine - Red Pine - (Northern Pin Oak) / Pennsylvania Sedge Wooded Grassland | CEGL005124 | 1.B.2.Na.6.d |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Pinus banksiana - Pinus resinosa - (Quercus ellipsoidalis) / Carex pensylvanica Wooded Herbaceous Vegetation (Faber-Langendoen 2001) [Pine Barrens Jack Pine-Oak/Sedge Subtype]
- Curtis, J. T. 1959. The vegetation of Wisconsin: An ordination of plant communities. Reprinted in 1987. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison. 657 pp.
- Faber-Langendoen, D., editor. 2001. Plant communities of the Midwest: Classification in an ecological context. Association for Biodiversity Information, Arlington, VA. 61 pp. plus appendix (705 pp.).
- Kost, M. A., D. A. Albert, J. G. Cohen, B. S. Slaughter, R. K. Schillo, C. R. Weber, and K. A. Chapman. 2007. Natural communities of Michigan: Classification and description. Report No. 2007-21, Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Lansing. 314 pp. [http://web4.msue.msu.edu/mnfi/reports/2007-21_Natural_Communites_of_Michigan_Classification_and_Description.pdf]
- Midwestern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Minneapolis, MN.
- Minnesota DNR [Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]. 2003-2005a. Field guide to the native plant communities of Minnesota. Three volumes: The Laurentian Mixed Forest Province (2003), The Eastern Broadleaf Forest Province (2005c), The Prairie Parkland and Tallgrass Aspen Parklands provinces (2005b). Ecological Land Classification Program, Minnesota County Biological Survey, and Natural Heritage and Nongame Research Program. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul.
- Vogl, R. J. 1961. The effects of fire on some upland vegetation types. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin. 103 pp.
- Vogl, R. J. 1970. Fire and the northern Wisconsin pine barrens. Proceedings of Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference 10:175-209.
- Vora, R. S. 1993. Moquah Barrens: Pine barrens restoration experiment initiated in Chequamegon National Forest. Restoration & Management Notes 11(1):39-44.
- WDNR [Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources]. 2015. The ecological landscapes of Wisconsin: An assessment of ecological resources and a guide to planning sustainable management. PUB-SS-1131 2015. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison. [http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/landscapes/Book.html]
- Whitney, G. G. 1986. Relation of Michigan''s presettlement pine forests to substrate and disturbance history. Ecology 67(6):1548-1559.
- Whitney, G. G. 1987. An ecological history of the Great Lakes forest of Michigan. Journal of Ecology 75:667-684.
- Zimmerman, D. A. 1956. The jack pine association in the lower peninsula of Michigan: Its structure and composition. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan.