Print Report
CEGL000932 Quercus garryana / Toxicodendron diversilobum / Elymus glaucus Woodland
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Oregon White Oak / Pacific Poison-oak / Blue Wildrye Woodland
Colloquial Name: No Data Available
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This type is found along the foothill margins and hilltops of the Willamette Valley of Oregon and from southwestern Washington, and northern California. Currently, small remnants occur, most along the western and southern edges of the Willamette Valley. There are small examples at the eastern end of the Columbia River Gorge, in Oregon and Washington, and a few small examples at the northern end of the Klamath Mountains Ecoregion (in this region, most of the oak woodlands are mixed Quercus garryana - Quercus kelloggii - Arbutus menziesii - Pinus ponderosa stands). Stands range from open woodlands to closed-canopy forests dominated by Quercus garryana. Pseudotsuga menziesii seedlings and saplings are present in most stands, and in many the conifers are beginning to overtop the oaks. Native low shrubs, primarily Toxicodendron diversilobum provide much of the understory cover in the shady areas, averaging 40% of the cover. Other native shrubs (Symphoricarpos albus, Rubus ursinus) and introduced shrubs (Rosa rubiginosa) can occasionally be found. Elymus glaucus grows through the shrubs and in partial shade throughout the habitat in the more open areas, along with other native (Festuca idahoensis ssp. roemeri, Festuca californica, Danthonia californica) and introduced (Holcus lanatus, Poa pratensis, Dactylis glomerata) grasses. Grasses characterize good condition stands, although non-native grasses are predominant at most sites. Native forbs (Galium spp., Osmorhiza berteroi) are a minor component in this type.
This is a seral, fire-dependent association throughout most of its range, occupying areas in the Willamette Valley which were protected from the annual native aboriginal burning. There was little mention of Toxicodendron diversilobum in any of the original General Land Surveyor''s notes, indicating changes in canopy and understory composition since 1850. These oak woodlands became quite widespread over the last 100 years, but are now rapidly declining due to secondary succession, clearing/logging, development and other threats. Because these are drier, foothill communities, secondary succession is occurring slower here, and restoration is still possible in many areas.
This is a seral, fire-dependent association throughout most of its range, occupying areas in the Willamette Valley which were protected from the annual native aboriginal burning. There was little mention of Toxicodendron diversilobum in any of the original General Land Surveyor''s notes, indicating changes in canopy and understory composition since 1850. These oak woodlands became quite widespread over the last 100 years, but are now rapidly declining due to secondary succession, clearing/logging, development and other threats. Because these are drier, foothill communities, secondary succession is occurring slower here, and restoration is still possible in many areas.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: No Data Available
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: Stands range from open woodlands to closed-canopy forests dominated by Quercus garryana. Pseudotsuga menziesii seedlings and saplings are present in most stands, and in many the conifers are beginning to overtop the oaks. Native low shrubs, primarily Toxicodendron diversilobum, provide much of the understory cover in the shady areas, averaging 40% of the cover. Other native shrubs (Symphoricarpos albus, Rubus ursinus) and introduced shrubs (Rosa rubiginosa (= Rosa eglanteria)) can occasionally be found. Elymus glaucus grows through the shrubs and in partial shade throughout the habitat in the more open areas, along with other native (Festuca idahoensis ssp. roemeri (= Festuca roemeri), Festuca californica, Danthonia californica) and introduced (Holcus lanatus, Poa pratensis, Dactylis glomerata) grasses. Grasses characterize good condition stands, although non-native grasses are predominant at most sites. Native forbs (Galium spp., Osmorhiza berteroi (= Osmorhiza chilensis)) are a minor component in this type.
Dynamics: This is a seral, fire-dependent association throughout most of its range, occupying areas in the Willamette Valley which were protected from the annual native aboriginal burning. There was little mention of Toxicodendron diversilobum in any of the original General Land Surveyor''s notes, indicating changes in canopy and understory composition since 1850. These oak woodlands became quite widespread over the last 100 years, but are now rapidly declining due to secondary succession, clearing/logging, development and other threats. Because these are drier, foothill communities, secondary succession is occurring slower here, and restoration is still possible in many areas.
Environmental Description: No Data Available
Geographic Range: This type is found along the foothill margins and hilltops of the Willamette Valley of Oregon and from southwestern Washington, and northern California. Currently, small remnants occur, most along the western and southern edges of the Willamette Valley. There are small examples at the eastern end of the Columbia River Gorge, in Oregon and Washington, and a few small examples at the northern end of the Klamath Mountains Ecoregion (in this region, most of the oak woodlands are mixed Quercus garryana - Quercus kelloggii - Arbutus menziesii - Pinus ponderosa stands).
Nations: US
States/Provinces: CA, OR, WA
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.683378
Confidence Level: Low
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G2
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Nd Vancouverian Forest & Woodland Division | D192 | 1.B.2.Nd |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Nd.1 Southern Vancouverian Dry Foothill Forest & Woodland Macrogroup | M886 | 1.B.2.Nd.1 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Nd.1.b Oregon White Oak - Ponderosa Pine - Douglas-fir Forest & Woodland Group | G206 | 1.B.2.Nd.1.b |
| Alliance | A3328 Oregon White Oak - Douglas-fir / Pacific Poison-oak Forest & Woodland Alliance | A3328 | 1.B.2.Nd.1.b |
| Association | CEGL000932 Oregon White Oak / Pacific Poison-oak / Blue Wildrye Woodland | CEGL000932 | 1.B.2.Nd.1.b |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Quercus garryana / Toxicodendron diversilobum / Elymus glaucus Woodland (Buechling et al. 2008)
= Quercus garryana/Festuca californica association (Stumpf et al. 2017)
= Quercus garryana/Festuca californica association (Stumpf et al. 2017)
- Bourgeron, P. S., and L. D. Engelking, editors. 1994. A preliminary vegetation classification of the western United States. Unpublished report. The Nature Conservancy, Western Heritage Task Force, Boulder, CO. 175 pp. plus appendix.
- Buechling, A., E. Alverson, J. Kertis, and G. Fitzpatrick. 2008. Classification of oak vegetation in the Willamette Valley. Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis. 71 pp.
- Kagan, J. S., J. A. Christy, M. P. Murray, and J. A. Titus. 2004. Classification of native vegetation of Oregon. January 2004. Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center, Portland. 52 pp.
- ORNHP [Oregon Natural Heritage Program]. No date. Unpublished data files. Oregon Natural Heritage Program, The Nature Conservancy, Portland, OR.
- Riegel, G. M., B. G. Smith, and J. F. Franklin. 1992. Foothill oak woodlands of the interior valleys of southwestern Oregon. Northwest Science 66(2):66-76.
- Stumpf, K. A., Cogan Technology, and Kier Associates. 2017. Vegetation mapping and classification project: Redwood National and State Parks, California. Natural Resource Report NPS/REDW/NRR--2017/1431. National Park Service, Fort Collins, CO. 270 pp.
- Thilenius, J. F. 1968. The Quercus garryana forests of the Willamette Valley, Oregon. Ecology 49:1124-1133.
- WNHP [Washington Natural Heritage Program]. 2018. Unpublished data files. Washington Natural Heritage Program, Department of Natural Resources, Olympia, WA.
- Western Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Boulder, CO.