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CEGL007237 Quercus rubra - Quercus alba - Carya glabra / Geranium maculatum Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Northern Red Oak - White Oak - Pignut Hickory / Spotted Geranium Forest
Colloquial Name: Piedmont Submesic Oak - Hickory Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This forest occupies submesic to mesic southern Piedmont sites, often on mid to lower slopes with northerly to easterly aspects. Overstory dominance is often shared among Quercus rubra, Quercus alba, and Carya spp., with Liriodendron tulipifera frequently occupying canopy gaps. The understory contains Cornus florida, Cercis canadensis, Acer rubrum, Calycanthus floridus, and Fraxinus americana. Other herbaceous associates include Sanguinaria canadensis, Polystichum acrostichoides, Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum, Desmodium nudiflorum, and Actaea racemosa. Somewhat drier and more acidic Piedmont stands and/or those with less Quercus rubra are generally accommodated by ~Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Carya tomentosa / Vaccinium stamineum / Desmodium nudiflorum Piedmont Forest (CEGL008475)$$.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: This type was originally described from analyzed plots of old-growth stands sampled in the Piedmont of South Carolina (Jones 1988a, 1988b), but it is expected to occur in a variety of late-successional stands in this area and may occur in adjacent states. This association needs clarification and expansion, and subsequent range assessment. In particular, compare to ~Quercus alba - Carya tomentosa / Euonymus americanus / Hexastylis arifolia Forest (CEGL006227)$$ and ~Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Carya tomentosa / Vaccinium stamineum / Desmodium nudiflorum Piedmont Forest (CEGL008475)$$, a less mesic type. Related vegetation in the Piedmont of Virginia is treated as ~Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Carya tomentosa / Vaccinium stamineum / Desmodium nudiflorum Piedmont Forest (CEGL008475)$$ or ~Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Carya (ovata, carolinae-septentrionalis) / Cercis canadensis Forest (CEGL007232)$$, depending on soil chemistry.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: In South Carolina, overstory dominance in stands is often shared among Quercus rubra, Quercus alba, and Carya glabra, with Liriodendron tulipifera frequently occupying canopy gaps (Jones 1988a). In addition, stands may include Pinus echinata, Pinus taeda, Quercus falcata, Quercus pagoda, Juglans nigra, and other species (NatureServe Ecology - Southeastern U.S. unpubl. data). The understory contains Cercis canadensis, Calycanthus floridus, and Fraxinus americana in canopy gaps. Woody vines include Vitis rotundifolia. Herbaceous associates include Sanguinaria canadensis, Polystichum acrostichoides, Maianthemum racemosum, Polygonatum biflorum, Erythronium umbilicatum, Geranium maculatum, Hexastylis arifolia, Mitchella repens, Podophyllum peltatum, Thalictrum thalictroides, Trillium cuneatum, Actaea racemosa (= Cimicifuga racemosa), Antennaria plantaginifolia, Aristolochia serpentaria, Carex spp., Desmodium nudiflorum, Dichanthelium spp., Oxalis violacea, Viola spp., and Zephyranthes atamasca. The exotic grass Microstegium vimineum may also infest stands of this association.
Dynamics: No Data Available
Environmental Description: This forest occupies submesic to mesic southern Piedmont sites, often on mid to lower slopes with northerly to easterly aspects.
Geographic Range: This association is found in the Piedmont of Georgia and South Carolina. It overlaps in concept with other associations in North Carolina, so its attribution there is in question. As a result, the complete range of this association is yet to be assessed.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: GA, NC?, SC
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.683335
Confidence Level: Low
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G4Q
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.1 White Oak - Southern Red Oak - Shortleaf Pine Forest & Woodland Macrogroup | M016 | 1.B.2.Na.1 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.1.a White Oak - Southern Red Oak - Water Oak Forest Group | G165 | 1.B.2.Na.1.a |
| Alliance | A3293 Northern Red Oak - White Oak - Hickory species Piedmont Forest Alliance | A3293 | 1.B.2.Na.1.a |
| Association | CEGL007237 Northern Red Oak - White Oak - Pignut Hickory / Spotted Geranium Forest | CEGL007237 | 1.B.2.Na.1.a |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Northern red oak - white oak - wild geranium (Quercus rubra - Quercus alba - Geranium maculatum) community type (Jones 1988b)
= Northern red oak - white oak - wild geranium (Quercus rubra - Quercus alba - Geranium maculatum) community type (Jones 1988a)
= Northern red oak - white oak - wild geranium (Quercus rubra - Quercus alba - Geranium maculatum) community type (Jones 1988a)
- GNHP [Georgia Natural Heritage Program]. 2018. Unpublished data. Georgia Natural Heritage Program, Wildlife Resources Division, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Social Circle.
- Jones, S. M. 1988a. Old-growth forests within the Piedmont of South Carolina. Natural Areas Journal 8:31-37.
- Jones, S. M. 1988b. Old-growth, steady state forests within the Piedmont of South Carolina. Ph.D. dissertation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC. 94 pp.
- NatureServe Ecology - Southeastern United States. No date. Unpublished data. NatureServe, Durham, NC.
- Nelson, J. B. 1986. The natural communities of South Carolina: Initial classification and description. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, Columbia, SC. 55 pp.
- Southeastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Durham, NC.