Print Report
CEGL002098 Quercus macrocarpa - Quercus bicolor - Carya laciniosa / Leersia spp. - Cinna spp. Floodplain Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Bur Oak - Swamp White Oak - Shellbark Hickory / Cutgrass species - Woodreed species Floodplain Forest
Colloquial Name: Bur Oak - Swamp White Oak Mixed Bottomland Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This bur oak - swamp white oak bottomland hardwoods forest type occurs primarily in the glaciated regions of the central United States. Stands are found in wet-mesic bottomland habitats. The tree canopy contains Quercus macrocarpa and Quercus bicolor, either of which may be dominant. Other floodplain associated species include Celtis occidentalis, Acer saccharinum, Carya cordiformis, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Populus deltoides, Salix nigra, and Ulmus americana. In the more southern portions of the range, Carya laciniosa and Carya illinoinensis may occur. Common shrubs include Cornus racemosa, Ribes americanum, Zanthoxylum americanum, and, in more southern parts of the range, Cephalanthus occidentalis. Vines include Toxicodendron radicans, Smilax tamnoides, and Vitis riparia. Ground layer species include the forbs and ferns Polygonum virginianum, Arisaema dracontium, Onoclea sensibilis, Galium asprellum, the grasses Cinna arundinacea, Elymus virginicus, Festuca subverticillata, Glyceria striata, and Spartina pectinata, and sedges Carex grayi, Carex hyalinolepis, and Carex muskingumensis. Historically this type may have had a woodland structure because of fire, and more open examples could have a greater representation of prairie-related species, such as Spartina pectinata, Helianthus grosseserratus, and Vernonia gigantea.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: This type has been so heavily impacted by settlement and grazing that characterization is difficult. In Missouri, this type may extend into the Ozarks region, south of the glaciated landscape. The type is not known to occur in Iowa Further review is needed.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: The tree canopy contains Quercus macrocarpa and Quercus bicolor, either of which may be dominant. In swaley places in the Inner Bluegrass of Kentucky, tree associates include Quercus shumardii, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, and Ulmus americana. Other floodplain associated species include Celtis occidentalis, Acer saccharinum, Carya cordiformis, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Populus deltoides, Salix nigra, and Ulmus americana. In the more southern portions of the range, Carya laciniosa and Carya illinoinensis may occur. Common shrubs include Cornus racemosa (= Cornus foemina ssp. racemosa), Ribes americanum, Zanthoxylum americanum, and, in more southern parts of the range, Cephalanthus occidentalis. Vines include Toxicodendron radicans, Smilax tamnoides (= Smilax hispida), and Vitis riparia. Ground layer species include the forbs and ferns Polygonum virginianum, Arisaema dracontium, Onoclea sensibilis, Galium asprellum, the grasses Cinna arundinacea, Elymus virginicus, Festuca subverticillata, Glyceria striata, and Spartina pectinata, and sedges Carex grayi, Carex hyalinolepis, and Carex muskingumensis. Historically this type may have had a woodland structure because of fire, and more open examples could have a greater representation of prairie-related species, such as Spartina pectinata, Helianthus grosseserratus, and Vernonia gigantea.
Dynamics: Historically, this type may have had a woodland structure because of fire.
Environmental Description: Stands are found in wet-mesic bottomland habitats.
Geographic Range: This bur oak - hardwoods bottomland forest type occurs in the central United States, ranging from southern Ohio west to Wisconsin, south to Missouri, and east to Kentucky.
Nations: CA,US
States/Provinces: IL, IN, KY, MN, MO, OH, ON, WI
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.683303
Confidence Level: Low - Poorly Documented
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G2G3
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.3 Temperate Flooded & Swamp Forest Formation | F026 | 1.B.3 |
| Division | 1.B.3.Na Eastern North American-Great Plains Flooded & Swamp Forest Division | D011 | 1.B.3.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.3.Na.1 Silver Maple - American Sycamore - Hackberry species Floodplain Forest Macrogroup | M029 | 1.B.3.Na.1 |
| Group | 1.B.3.Na.1.a Silver Maple - Green Ash - American Sycamore Floodplain Forest Group | G652 | 1.B.3.Na.1.a |
| Alliance | A3713 Green Ash - American Basswood - oak spp. Mesic Floodplain Alliance | A3713 | 1.B.3.Na.1.a |
| Association | CEGL002098 Bur Oak - Swamp White Oak - Shellbark Hickory / Cutgrass species - Woodreed species Floodplain Forest | CEGL002098 | 1.B.3.Na.1.a |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Quercus macrocarpa - Quercus bicolor - Carya laciniosa / Leersia spp. - Cinna spp. Forest (Faber-Langendoen 2001) [Floodplain Forest Bur Oak-Swamp White Oak Subtype]
- Faber-Langendoen, D., editor. 2001. Plant communities of the Midwest: Classification in an ecological context. Association for Biodiversity Information, Arlington, VA. 61 pp. plus appendix (705 pp.).
- INAI [Iowa Natural Areas Inventory]. 2017. Vegetation classification of Iowa. Iowa Natural Areas Inventory, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines.
- Lee, H., W. Bakowsky, J. Riley, J. Bowles, M. Puddister, P. Uhlig, and S. McMurray. 1998. Ecological land classification for southern Ontario: First approximation and its application. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Southcentral Science Section, Science Development and Transfer Branch. SCSS Field Guide FG-02.
- Midwestern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Minneapolis, MN.
- Minnesota DNR [Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]. 2003-2005a. Field guide to the native plant communities of Minnesota. Three volumes: The Laurentian Mixed Forest Province (2003), The Eastern Broadleaf Forest Province (2005c), The Prairie Parkland and Tallgrass Aspen Parklands provinces (2005b). Ecological Land Classification Program, Minnesota County Biological Survey, and Natural Heritage and Nongame Research Program. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul.
- Nelson, P. 2010. The terrestrial natural communities of Missouri. Revised edition. Missouri Natural Areas Committee, Department of Natural Resources and the Department of Conservation, Jefferson City.
- ONHD [Ohio Natural Heritage Database]. No date. Vegetation classification of Ohio and unpublished data. Ohio Natural Heritage Database, Division of Natural Areas and Preserves, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Columbus.
- ONHIC [Ontario Natural Heritage Information Centre]. 2018. Unpublished data. Ontario Natural Heritage Information Centre, Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario, Canada.
- WDNR [Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources]. 2015. The ecological landscapes of Wisconsin: An assessment of ecological resources and a guide to planning sustainable management. PUB-SS-1131 2015. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison. [http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/landscapes/Book.html]
- White, J., and M. Madany. 1978. Classification of natural communities in Illinois. Pages 311-405 in: Natural Areas Inventory technical report: Volume I, survey methods and results. Illinois Natural Areas Inventory, Urbana, IL.