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CEGL002071 Acer rubrum - Fraxinus spp. - Betula papyrifera / Cornus canadensis Swamp Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Red Maple - Ash species - Paper Birch / Bunchberry Dogwood Swamp Forest
Colloquial Name: Red Maple - Ash - Birch Swamp
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This red maple swamp forest type is found in the northern parts of the Great Lakes region of the United States and in adjacent Canada. Stands are typically found on muck and shallow peat on lakeplains and floodplains. The canopy structure is variable, with cover ranging from open (25-60%) to closed (60-100%). Common canopy dominants include Acer rubrum, Betula alleghaniensis, Betula papyrifera, Fraxinus nigra, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, and occasional Larix laricina, Pinus strobus, and Ulmus americana (at least historically). Pinus strobus may form a patchy supercanopy above the hardwood canopy. Common shrubs include Alnus incana. Toxicodendron vernix may be common in parts of the range. Other associates include Ilex verticillata, Ribes spp., and Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus. The herbaceous layer contains Carex stipata, Impatiens capensis, Mitella nuda, Onoclea sensibilis, Osmunda cinnamomea, Osmunda claytoniana, Saxifraga pensylvanica, and others. A seepage swamp subtype can occur where steep sandy slopes and gravelly slopes merge with a river or stream terrace. The ground layer can be exceptionally diverse, with characteristic seepage species including Angelica atropurpurea, Carex bromoides, Hydrocotyle americana, Poa paludigena, Saxifraga pensylvanica, and Symplocarpus foetidus.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: Hydrology of this type may be a combination of seasonally flooded and saturated. This type can arise as a result of logging cedar swamps, or where hydrology has been altered (E. Epstein pers. comm. 1999). Fraxinus nigra is less than 50% of the cover; if greater, then see the Fraxinus nigra type (CEGL002105). If Larix laricina is at least 25% of the canopy, then see ~Larix laricina - Acer rubrum / (Rhamnus alnifolia, Vaccinium corymbosum) Swamp Forest (CEGL005232)$$ or ~Larix laricina / Alnus incana Swamp Forest (CEGL002471)$$.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: The canopy structure is variable, with cover ranging from open (25-60%) to closed (60-100%). Common canopy dominants include Acer rubrum, Betula alleghaniensis, Betula papyrifera, Fraxinus nigra, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, and occasional Larix laricina, Pinus strobus, and Ulmus americana (at least historically). Pinus strobus may form a patchy supercanopy above the hardwood canopy. Common shrubs include Alnus incana, and Toxicodendron vernix may be common in parts of the range. Other associates include Ilex verticillata, Ribes spp., and Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (= Rubus strigosus). The herbaceous layer contains Carex stipata, Impatiens capensis, Mitella nuda, Onoclea sensibilis, Osmunda cinnamomea, Osmunda claytoniana, Saxifraga pensylvanica, and others (MNNHP 1993, Wovcha et al. 1995). A seepage swamp subtype can occur where steep sandy slopes and gravelly slopes merge with a river or stream terrace. The ground layer can be exceptionally diverse, with characteristic seepage species including Angelica atropurpurea, Carex bromoides, Hydrocotyle americana, Poa paludigena, Saxifraga pensylvanica, and Symplocarpus foetidus (MNNHP 1993, Wovcha et al. 1995).
Dynamics: No Data Available
Environmental Description: Stands are typically found on muck and shallow peat on lakeplains and floodplains (MNNHP 1993).
Geographic Range: This red maple swamp forest type is found in the northern parts of the Great Lake states region of the United States and in adjacent Canada, ranging from Minnesota east to Michigan and Ontario.
Nations: CA,US
States/Provinces: MI, MN, ON, WI
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.683127
Confidence Level: Moderate
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G4
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.3 Temperate Flooded & Swamp Forest Formation | F026 | 1.B.3 |
| Division | 1.B.3.Na Eastern North American-Great Plains Flooded & Swamp Forest Division | D011 | 1.B.3.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.3.Na.3 <i>Tsuga canadensis - Fraxinus nigra - Larix laricina</i> Flooded & Swamp Forest Macrogroup | M504 | 1.B.3.Na.3 |
| Group | 1.B.3.Na.3.d Northern White-cedar - Black Ash - Red Maple Swamp Forest Group | G046 | 1.B.3.Na.3.d |
| Alliance | A4462 <i>Acer rubrum - Fraxinus</i> spp. - Paper Birch Laurentian Swamp Forest Alliance | A4462 | 1.B.3.Na.3.d |
| Association | CEGL002071 Red Maple - Ash species - Paper Birch / Bunchberry Dogwood Swamp Forest | CEGL002071 | 1.B.3.Na.3.d |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Acer rubrum - Fraxinus spp. - Betula papyrifera / Cornus canadensis Forest (Faber-Langendoen 2001) [Northern Hardwood Swamp Red Maple-Ash-Birch Subtype]
- CDPNQ [Centre de données sur le patrimoine naturel du Québec]. No date. Unpublished data. Centre de données sur le patrimoine naturel du Québec, Québec.
- Epstein, Eric. Personal communication. Community Ecologist, Wisconsin Natural Heritage Program, Madison, WI.
- Faber-Langendoen, D., editor. 2001. Plant communities of the Midwest: Classification in an ecological context. Association for Biodiversity Information, Arlington, VA. 61 pp. plus appendix (705 pp.).
- Hop, K., S. Menard, J. Drake, S. Lubinski, and J. Dieck. 2010a. National Park Service Vegetation Inventory Program: Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, Wisconsin. Natural Resource Report NPS/GLKN/NRR-2010/199. National Park Service, Fort Collins, CO. 310 pp.
- Kost, M. A., D. A. Albert, J. G. Cohen, B. S. Slaughter, R. K. Schillo, C. R. Weber, and K. A. Chapman. 2007. Natural communities of Michigan: Classification and description. Report No. 2007-21, Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Lansing. 314 pp. [http://web4.msue.msu.edu/mnfi/reports/2007-21_Natural_Communites_of_Michigan_Classification_and_Description.pdf]
- MNNHP [Minnesota Natural Heritage Program]. 1993. Minnesota''s native vegetation: A key to natural communities. Version 1.5. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Natural Heritage Program, St. Paul, MN. 110 pp.
- Midwestern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Minneapolis, MN.
- Minnesota DNR [Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]. 2003-2005a. Field guide to the native plant communities of Minnesota. Three volumes: The Laurentian Mixed Forest Province (2003), The Eastern Broadleaf Forest Province (2005c), The Prairie Parkland and Tallgrass Aspen Parklands provinces (2005b). Ecological Land Classification Program, Minnesota County Biological Survey, and Natural Heritage and Nongame Research Program. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul.
- TNC [The Nature Conservancy]. 1999b. USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program: Classification of the vegetation of Isle Royale National Park. The Nature Conservancy, Midwest Regional Office, Minneapolis, MN, and International Headquarters, Arlington, VA. 143 pp.
- WDNR [Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources]. 2015. The ecological landscapes of Wisconsin: An assessment of ecological resources and a guide to planning sustainable management. PUB-SS-1131 2015. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison. [http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/landscapes/Book.html]
- Wovcha, D. S., B. C. Delaney, and G. Nordquist. 1995. Minnesota''s St. Croix Valley and Anoka Sandplain: A guide to native habitats. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. 234 pp.