Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program: Tennessee
Education, Research and Technical Assistance for Managing Our Natural Resources

Tennessee Staff Member


Dr. Phillip William Bettoli

Phil Bettoli at the helm

Assistant Unit Leader
Phone: (931) 372 - 3086
Email: pbettoli@tntech.edu
Faculty Website

Education

  • Ph D Texas A & M University 1987
  • MS Tennessee Technological University 1979
  • BS University of Maine 1977

Biography

BS, University of Maine; MS, Tennesee Tech; PhD, Texas A&M University. Currently holds the rank of Professor in the Department of Biology at Tennessee Tech and he is the Assistant Unit Leader of the USGS Tennessee Unit.. Reservoir sport fisheries management; conservation and management of paddlefish and sturgeon; biotic integrity of regulated rivers; assessment of stocking programs; invasive Asian carp population dynamics. Fish and Wildlife Biometrics Reservoir Fisheries Management

Research Publications Publication Date
Wilde, G. R., M. I. Muoneke, P. W. Bettoli, K. L. Nelson, and B. T. Hysmith. 2000. Bait and temperature effects on striped bass hooking mortality in freshwater. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 20:810-815. | Download January 2000
Warren, L., and P.W. Bettoli. Evidence of Natural Reproduction by Muskellunge in Middle Tennessee Rivers. Southeastern Naturalist 13(3):506-514 | Abstract | Download July 2014
Vandergoot, C. S., and P. W. Bettoli. 2003. Relative contribution of stocked walleyes in Tennessee reservoirs. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 23:1037-1042. | Download May 2002
Shea, C.P., P.W. Bettoli, K.Potoka, C.F. Saylor, and P.W. Shute. 2015. Use of dynamic occupancy models to assess the response of darters (Teleostei: Percidae) to varying hydrological and hydrothermal conditions in a southeastern United States tailwater. River Research and Appplications 31:676-691. | Abstract May 2015
Scholten, G. D., and P. W. Bettoli. 2007. Lack of gillnet size selectivity in a commercial paddlefishery. Fisheries Research 83:355-359. | Abstract | Download January 2007
Scholten, G. D., and P. W. Bettoli. 2005. Population characteristics and assessment of overfishing for an exploited paddlefish population in the lower Tennessee River. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 134:1285-1298. | Abstract | Download November 2005
Sammons, S. M., and P. W. Bettoli. 2002. Spatial and diel variation in distribution of limnetic larvae of fisheries in a Tennessee reservoir. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 17:45-53. May 2002
Sammons, S. M., and P. W. Bettoli. 2000. Population dynamics of a reservoir sportfish community in response to hydrology. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 20:791-800. | Download January 2000
Sammons, S. M., P. W. Bettoli, and V. Grear. 2001. Hatching periodicity, hatching distributions, and daily growth rates of age-0 white crappies in response to hydrology and zooplankton densities in Normandy Reservoir, Tennessee. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 130:442-449. January 2001
Sammons, S. M., P. W. Bettoli, D. A. Isermann, and T. N. Churchill. 2002. Recruitment variation of crappies in response to hydrology of Tennessee reservoirs. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 22:1393-1398. | Download May 2002
Sammons, S. M., D. A. Iserman, and P. W. Bettoli. 2002. Variation in population characteristics and gear selection between black and white crappies in Tennessee reservoirs: potential effects on management decisions. North American Journal of Fisheries Mangement 22:863-869. | Download May 2002
Russell, D., and P.W. Bettoli. 2013. Population attributes of lake trout in Tennessee reservoirs. Southeastern Naturalist 12:217-232. | Abstract | Download March 2013
Potoka, K.M., C.P. Shea, and P.W. Bettoli. Multi-species occupancy modeling as a tool for evaluating the status and distribution of darters in the Elk River, Tennessee. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 145:1100-1121. | Abstract | Download August 2016
Petersen, M.J., and P.W. Bettoli. 2013. Mortality of palmetto bass following catch-and-release angling. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 33:806-810. | Abstract | Download August 2013
Miranda, L.E., and P.W. Bettoli. 2010. Large Reservoirs. Pages 545-586 in W. Hubert and M. Quist, editors. Inland Fisheries Management, second edition, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. | Abstract | Download October 2010
Miranda, L. E., and P. W. Bettoli. 2007. Mortality. Pages 229-278 in:C. Guy and M. Brown, editors. Analysis and interpretation of freshwater fisheries statistics. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD. | Abstract | Download September 2007
Meerbeek, J., and P. W. Bettoli. 2005. Mass marking rainbow trout and brown trout fingerlings with oxytetracyline. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 20:555-559. January 2005
Meerbeek, J. and P.W. Bettoli. 2012. Relying on fin erosion to indentify hatchery-reaered brown trout in a Tennessee tailwater. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, Volume 32:922-928. | Abstract | Download September 2012
Kitterman, C.L., and P.W. Bettoli. 2011. Survival of saugers angled in the lower Tennessee River. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 31:567-573. | Abstract | Download June 2011
Kerns, J.A., P.W. Bettoli, and G.D. Scholten. 2009. Mortality and movements of paddlefish released as bycatch in a commercial fishery in Kentucky Lake, Tennessee. Pages 329-343 in:C.P. Paukert and G.D. Scholten, editors. Paddlefish management, propagation, and conservation in the 21st century: building from 20 years of research and management. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 66, Bethesda, MD. | Abstract | Download October 2009
Kaintz, M.A., and P.W. Bettoli. 2010. Dispersal of smallmouth bass from a simulated tournament weigh-in site. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 30:976-982. | Abstract | Download August 2010
Johnson, A. B., and P. W. Bettoli. 2003. Threatened fishes of the world: Fundulus julisia William & Etnier, 1982. Environmental Biology of Fishes 68:240. May 2003
Ivasauskas, T.J., and P.W. Bettoli. 2012. Dispersal, mortality, and predation on recently-stocked rainbow trout in a Tennessee reservoir. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 65(2011): 83-91. | Abstract | Download | Publisher Website January 2012
Ivasauskas, T.I., and P.W. Bettoli. 2014. Development of a Multimetric Index for Fish Asssemblages in a Cold Tailwater in Tennessee. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 143:495-507. | Abstract | Download January 2014
Ivasauskas, T., and P.W. Bettoli. 2012. Effects of suture material and ultrasonic transmitter size on survival, growth, wound healing, and expulsion in rainbow trout. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 141:100-106. | Abstract | Download January 2012
Isermann, D. A., S. M. Sammons, P. W. Bettoli, and T. N. Churchill. 2002. Predictive evaluation of size restrictions as management strategies for Tennessee reservoir crappie fisheries. North American Journal of Fisheries Management. 22:1349-1357. May 2002
Isermann, D. A., P. W. Bettoli, and S. M. Sammons. 1999. Efficacy of identifying stocked crappies in a Tennessee reservoir through oxytetracycline marking. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 19:1122-1123. | Download November 1999
Isermann, D. A., P. W. Bettoli, S. M. Sammons, and T. N. Churchill. 2002. Initial poststocking mortality, oxytetracycline marking, and year-class contribution of black-nosed crappies stocked into Tennessee reservoirs. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 22:1399-1408. | Download May 2002
Hutt, C. P., and P. W. Bettoli. 2007. Preferences, specialization, and management attitudes of trout anglers fishing in Tennessee tailwaters. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 27:1257-1267. | Abstract | Download November 2007
Honeyfield, D. C., C. S. Vandergoot, P. W. Bettoli, J. P. Hinterkopf, and J. L. Zajicek. 2007. Thiamine and fatty acid content of walleye tissue from three southern U. S. reservoirs. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 19:84-93. | Download March 2007
Hoffman, K., and P. W. Bettoli. 2005. The fate of largemouth bass marked with oxytetracycline and stocked into Chickamauga Lake, Tennessee. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 25:1518-1527. | Abstract | Download November 2005
Graham, C.L., P.W. Bettoli, and T. Churchill. 2015. An assessment of the stock characteristics of Tennessee River sauger populations. Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 2:101-108. | Abstract April 2015
Goldsworthy, C., and P. W. Bettoli. 2006. Growth, body condition, reproduction, and survival of stocked Barrens topminnows Fundulus julisia (Fundulidae). American Midland Naturalist 156:331-343. | Abstract | Download November 2006
Devlin, G., and P. W. Bettoli. 2001. Seasonal fluctuation in growth and condition of trout in a southeastern tailwater. Proceedings of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife agencies 53(1999):100-109. January 2001
Colvin, M.E., P.W. Bettoli, G.D. Scholten. 2013. Predicting paddlefish roe yields using an extension of the Beverton-Holt equilibrium yield-per-recruit model. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 33:940-949. | Abstract | Download October 2013
Collier, W.R., P.W. Bettoli, G.D. Scholten, and T.N. Churchill. 2013. Regulation of striped bass and hybrid striped bass fisheries in the U.S. Pages 449-460 in Coutant, C., J. Bulak, and J. Rice, editors. Biology and management of inland striped bass and hybrid striped bass. Symposium 80, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. | Abstract April 2013
Collier, W., P.W. Bettoli., and G.D. Scholten. 2012. Dispersal and Dam Passage of Sonic-tagged Juvenile Lake Sturgeon in the Upper Tennessee River. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Assocaition of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 65 (2011):143-147. | Abstract | Download August 2012
Cole, A., and P.W. Bettoli. 2014. The thermal ecology of subadult and adult muskellunge in a thermally-enriched reservoir. Fisheries Management and Ecology 21:410-420 | Abstract | Download October 2014
Churchill, T.N., and P.W. Bettoli. 2015. Species conservation profile for spotted bass Micropterus punctulatus. Pages 35-41 in M. Allen and J. Long, editors. Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Sceince for Conservation. American Fisheries Society Symposium 82, Bethesda, Maryland. | Abstract | Download April 2015
Churchill, T. N., P. W. Bettoli, D. C. Peterson, W. C. Reeves, and B. Hodges. 2002. Angler conflicts in fisheries management: a case study of the striped bass controversy at Norris Reservoir, Tennessee. Fisheries 27:10-19. May 2002
Bettoli, P.W., and C. Goldsworthy. 2011. Larval fish collections using lighted traps in spring pools in the Barrens Plateau of middle Tennessee. Southeastern Naturalist 10(1):145-154. | Abstract | Download March 2011
Bettoli, P.W., M. Casto-Yerty, G.D. Scholten, and E.J. Heist. 2009. Bycatch of the endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) in a commerical fishery for shovelnose sturgeon (S. platyorynchus). Journal of Applied Ichthyology. 25:1-4. | Abstract | Download February 2009
Bettoli, P.W., J.A. Kerns, and G.D. Scholten. 2009. Status of paddlefish in the United States. Pages 23-27 in: C.P. Paukert and G.D. Scholten, editors. Paddlefish management, propagation, and conservation in the 21st century: building from 20 years of research and management. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 66, Bethesda, MD. | Abstract | Download October 2009
Bettoli, P.W., G.D. Scholten, and D.W. Hubbs. 2010. Anchoring submersible ultrasonic receivers in river channels with stable substrate. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 30:989-992. | Abstract | Download September 2010
Bettoli, P.W. 2013. Challenges and opportunities in studying and managing striped bass and their hybrids in the 21st Century. Pages 575-589 in Coutant, C., J. Bulak, and J. Rice, editors. Biology and management of inland striped bass and hybrid striped bass. Symposium 80, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. | Abstract April 2013
Bettoli, P. W., and L. E. Miranda. 2001. Cautionary note about estimating mean length at age with subsampled data. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 21:425-428. | Download July 2001
Bettoli, P. W., and G. D. Scholten. 2006. Bycatch rates and initial mortality of paddlefish in a commerical gillnet fishery. Fisheries Research 77:343-347. | Abstract | Download March 2006
Bettoli, P. W., G. D. Scholten, and W. C. Reeves. 2007. Protecting a commercially-exploited paddlefish stock from overfishing: Case History of the Research and Regulatory Process. Fisheries 32:390-397. | Abstract | Download September 2007
Bettoli, P. W., C. Vandergoot, and P. Horner. 2000. Hooking mortality of saugers in the Tennessee River. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 20:833-837. | Download January 2000
Bettoli, P. W. 2005. The fundamental thermal niche of adult landlocked striped bass. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 134:305-314. | Abstract | Download January 2005
Bettinger, J. M., and P. W. Bettoli. 2004. Seasonal movement of brown trout in the Clinch River, Tennessee. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 24:1480-1485. | Abstract | Download January 2004
Bettinger, J. M., and P. W. Bettoli. 2002. Fate, dispersal, and persistence of recently stocked and resident rainbow trout in a Tennessee tailwater. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 22:425-432. | Download June 2003
Presentations Presentation Date
Warren, L.E., and P.W. Bettoli. 2013. Adult Spawning Habitat and Survival, Movement, and Nursery Habitat of Stocked Juvenile Muskellunge in Middle Tennessee Streams. Spring Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Nashville, Tennessee. February 2013
Warren, L., P.W. Bettoli, and A. Cole. Muskellunge in Tennessee: A Historic Overview and Recent Research. Muskellunge and Northern Pike Symposium, Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Little Rock, Arkansas. September 2013
Spaulding, J., and P.W. Bettoli. 2013. Behavioral Thermoregulation of Fishes in Relation to Heated Effluent from a Power Plant on the Cumberland River, Tennessee. Spring Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Nashville, Tennessee. February 2013
Spaulding, J., P.W. Bettoli, and M. Bevelhimer. 2014. Continuous telemetry of fishes near the heated effluent from a power plant on the Cumberland River, Tennessee. Spring Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Charleston, South Carolina. January 2014
Spaulding, J., P.W. Bettoli, and M. Bevelhimer. 2014. Temperature selection of fishes near a power plant thermal plume. Joint Annual Meeting of the Tennessee and Mississippi Chapters of the American Fisheries Society, Pickwick Landing, Tennessee. March 2014
Spaulding, J., P. Bettoli., and M. Bevelhimer. 2013. Behavioral thermoregulation of fishes in relation to heated effluent from a power plant on the Cumberland River, Tennessee. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Little Rock, Arkansas. September 2013
Shea, C.P., K. Potoka, P.W. Bettoli, C.F. Saylor, and P.W. Schute. 2013. Use of dynamic occupancy models to assess the response of darters (Teleostei: Percidae) to varying hydrological and hydrothermal conditions in the Elk River, Tennessee.Spring Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Nashville, Tennessee. February 2013
Shea, C., P. Bettoli, K. Potoka, C. Saylor, and P. Shute. 2013. Development of a decision support tool for determining optimal hydropower dam operations in the Southeastern United States tailwater. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Little Rock, Arkansas. September 2013
Scholten, G.M., P.W. Bettoli, and G. Moyers. 2014. Stocking efficacy and catch-and-release mortality of Saugers in the Cumberland River, Tennessee. Joint Annual Meeting of the Tennessee and Mississippi Chapters of the American Fisheries Society, Pickwick Landing, Tennessee. March 2014
Scholten, G., P.W. Bettoli, and G. Moyer. 2014. Assessing stocking efficacy of Sauger using genetic markers and evaluating their movement and mortality in the Cumberland River in Tennessee. Spring Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Charleston, South Carolina. January 2014
Ridgway, J., and P.W. Bettoli. 2016. Gear efficacy and population characteristics of Bigheaded Carp on the southeastern leading edge of their North American invasion. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Kansas City, Missouri. August 2016
Potoka, C., C.P. Shea, and P.W. Bettoli. 2013. Occupancy modeling as a tool for evaluating the status and distribution of darters in the Elk River, Tennessee. Spring Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Nashville, Tennessee. February 2013
M.W. Rogers, C.R. Harty, P.W. Bettoli. 2020. Investigation of Channel Catfish and Blue Catfish Population Dynamics in Three Tennessee River Reservoirs. Southern Division of American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Little Rock, Arkansas. February 2020
Ivasuaskas, T., and P.W. Bettoli. 2013. The biotic integrity of fish assemblages in a highly altered tailwater system. Spring Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Nashville, Tennessee. February 2013
Harty, C.R., and P.W. Bettoli. 2016. Assessment of Channel Catfish population dynamics and tandem hoop nets as a standard sampling method in Tennessee reservoirs. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Kansas City, Missouri. August 2016
Bevelhimer, M., J. Spaulding, P.W. Bettoli, and C. Scherelis. 2014. Not all challenges are natural: Collecting telemetry and hydroacoustics data in a heavy-traffic semi-industrial waterway. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. August 2014
Technical Publications Publication Date
Vandergoot, C.S., D.C. Honeyfield, and P.W. Bettoli. 2001. An investigation of reproduction and early mortality syndrome in Tennessee walleye populations. Final Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service December 2001
Vandergoot, C.J. and P.W. Bettoli. 2001. Evaluation of current management practices and assessment of recruitment, growth and condition of walleyes in Tennessee reservoirs. Fisheries Report 01-44 to the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville December 2001
Russell, D.C., and P.W. Bettoli. 2011, Age, growth, and sampling of lake trout in two eastern Tennessee reservoirs. Fisheries Report 11-02, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville. 34 pages. April 2011
Ridgway, J.L. 2017. Sampling and population characteristics of bighead carp and silver carp in the Tennessee and Cumberland River systems. Fisheries Report 16-08, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville. 54 pages. August 2017
Meerbeek, J. and P.W. Bettoli. 2005. Survival, growth, condition, and diet of stocked brown trout in five Tennessee tailwaters. Fisheries Report 05-05, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville. 73p. January 2005
Kitterman, C.L. and P.W. Bettoli. 2009. An assessment of barotrauma and stock characteristics of Tennessee River sauger populations. Fisheries Report 09-06, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville. 75 pages. January 2009
Kaintz, M.A. and P.W. Bettoli. 2005. Black bass tournament activity and initial mortality on middle Tennessee reservoirs. Fisheries Report 05-12, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville. 49p. January 2005
Jamison, N.D., P.W. Bettoli, and J.M Redding. 2007. Physiology and survival of tournament-caught largemouth bass. Fisheries Report 07-07, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville. 40p. August 2007
Ivasauskas, T.J. and P.W. Bettoli. 2010. Movements and mortality of recently-stocked rainbow trout in Tennessee reservoirs. Fisheries Report 10-07, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville, TN. 59p. September 2010
Ivasauskas, T. 2014. Biotic integrity, water quality, and the recreational fishery in the Caney Fork River below Center Hill Dam, 2009-2012. Final Report to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Nashville District. 190 pp. July 2014
Holbrook, C. and P.W. Bettoli. 2006. Spawning habitat, length at maturity, and fecundity of brown trout in Tennessee tailwaters. Fisheries Report 06-11, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville. 42p. October 2006
Hoffman, K.J., and P.W. Bettoli. 2003. Recruitment variability, status of largemouth bass populations, and stoking efficacy in Tennessee River impoundments. Fisheries Report 03-25, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville. 61p. December 2003
Harty, C. 2017. Investigation of channel catfish and blue catfish population dynamics in three Tennessee River reservoirs. Fisheries Report 17-08, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville. 46 pages. August 2017
Goldsworthy, C. and P.W. Bettoli. 2005. The fate of stocked Barrens topminnows Fundulus julisia (Fundulidae) and status of wild populations. Final Report, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville. 48p. January 2005
Damer, J. and P.W. Bettoli. 2008. The fate of brook trout stocked in the Watauga River below Wilbur Dam. Fisheries Report 08-03, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville. 36p. March 2008
Casto-Yerty, M. and P.W. Bettoli. Range assessment and detection limitations of bridge-mounted hydroacoustic telemetry arrays in the Mississippi River. Fisheries Report 09-05, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville. 19 pages. March 2009
Bikash, S., V.S. Neary, and P.W. Bettoli. 2006. Feasiblity study of trout habitat enhancement in the Caney Fork River using bolder clusters. Fisheries Report 06-10, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville. 67p. September 2006
Bettoli, P.W., J. Kerns, and G.D. Scholten. 2007. Delayed mortality and movements of paddlefish released as bycatch. Final Report to the Division of Scientific Authority, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC. 36p. May 2007
Bettoli, P.W., C.A. Goldsworthy, and A.B. Johnson. 2004. Field assessment of the Barrens topminnow reintroduction program, 2001-2003. An interim report submitted to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, and The Tennessee Nature Conservancy. 42p. March 2004
Bettoli, P.W. and G.D. Scholten. 2005. Assessment of overfishing and bycatch for an exploited paddlefish population in the lower Tennessee River. Final Report, Division of Scientific Authority, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC. 64p. January 2005
Bettoli, P.W. 2005. Survey of the trout fishery in the Hiwassee River. Fisheries Report 05-11, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville. 20p. January 2005
Bettoli, P.W. 2004. Survey of the trout fishery in the Caney Fork River: March-October, 2003. Fisheries Report 04-10, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville. 25p. July 2004
Bettoli, P.W. 2004. Creel survey and smallmouth bass population assessment in Smith Fork Creek. Fisheries Report 04-09, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville. 22p. March 2004
Bettoli, P.W. 2002. Creel survey of the North Fork of the Holston River. Final Report to the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville. May 2002
Bettoli, P.W. 2001. Creel surveys on the Duck and Elk Rivers. Final Report submitted to the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville. 25p. December 2001
Bettoli, P.W. 2010. The recreational snag fishery for paddlefish in Cherokee Lake, Tennessee. Fisheries Report 10-06, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville, TN. 21p. September 2010
Bettoli, P.W. 2007. Surveys of the trout fisheries in the Watauga River and South Fork of the Holston River, March-October 2007. Fisheries Report 07-07, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville. 41p. July 2007
Bettoli, P.W. 2006. Clinch River creel survey results: April-October 2006. Fisheries Report 06-08, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville. 18p. September 2006
Bergthold, C. and P.W. Bettoli. 2009. Growth, diet, and sampling of rainbow trout in three Tennessee reservoirs. Fisheries Report 09-04, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville. 35 pages. January 2009