Pennsylvania Project: Spatial analysis of large mammals to assess harvest vulnerability in relation to anthropogenic factors

Pennsylvania Project

Spatial analysis of large mammals to assess harvest vulnerability in relation to anthropogenic factors

August 2012 - December 2014

Personnel

W. David Walter, Principal Investigator

Participating Agencies

Pennsylvania Game Commission

Successful management of large mammals is dependent upon availability of population to harvest in defined management units or season structures. Availability of the population to harvest is also dependent upon landowner distribution and hunter characteristics within management units that species occupy. The inherent changes in movements and populations size of black bear and elk coupled with landscape change and anthropogenic influences on populations requires a detailed assessment of range use and resource selection of both species in Pennsylvania. Many years of radiocollaring and monitoring has provided the necessary detailed locations needed to understand the change in distribution and use of public/private lands throughout the range of both species.

Research Publications

Research Publications	Publication Date
Ahrestani, F.S, M.A. Ternent, M.J. Lovallo, and W. David Walter. 2020. Resource use by American black bears in suburbia: a landholder step-selection approach. Human-Wildlife Interactions 14(2): 216-227. \| Abstract	November 2020	The spread of suburbia and the continued conversion of forested lands for people’s needs has meant less land for growing bear populations, resulting in increased human-bear conflict. With a focus to investigate the viability of using hunting as a tool to manage nuisance bears in suburbia, this study investigated the resource selection by bears across Pennsylvania, USA. This study distinguishes itself from earlier studies of recourse selection of bears by incorporating results from a survey of owners of private properties, large enough to accommodate hunting, on whether they support hunting of bears on their lands. This study used the Step Selection Function (SSF) approach, which utilizes consistent location data of short intervals from GPS collars better than older, traditional Resource Selectin Functions. In addition to the data from the survey of private land-owners, the statistical models tested by the SSF approach assessed the influence that housing density, land use type, slope, elevation, and aspect had on movement by the 31 GPS-collared bears monitored in 10-day periods prior to, during, and after the annual bear hunting season in 2010-2012. We analyzed resource selection for each of these three periods by pooling data across study sites and years, and found that the bears selected for: forested lands in all three periods; grasslands in the pre-hunt and hunting periods; east and south facing slopes in the pre-hunt and hunting periods; flatter terrain in the pre-hunt, but steeper terrain the hunting period; and private properties in the post-hunt period that did not permit hunting. Selection of private properties by bears in the post-hunt period suggests that increasing hunting on private properties may be a viable management option. The selection of forest habitats in all three periods is consistent with need for bears to fatten up with fallen mast from trees just before the den for the winter.

Presentations

Presentations	Presentation Date
Crawford, CS and WD Walter. 2013. Spatial analysis of black bear (Ursus americanus) to assess harvest vulnerability in relation to anthropogenic activity in Pennsylvania. The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, Milwaukee, WI	October 2013
Crawford, C.S., M.A. Ternent, M.J. Lovallo, and W.D.Walter. 2014. Resource selection and harvest vulnerability of black bear near suburban areas of Pennsylvania. The 21st Annual Wildlife Society Conference, Pittsburgh, PA.	October 2014

Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program: Pennsylvania Education, Research and Technical Assistance for Managing Our Natural Resources