U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, 2630 Fanta Reed Road, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54603 201006 vector digital data NPS Vegetation Inventory Program Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore Vegetation Mapping Project Fort Collins, Colorado NPS Natural Resource Inventory & Monitoring Program A detailed report on how this data set was created is available to download from the program's web site. The report discusses methods and results, and includes descriptions and dichotomous keys to vegetation types, map classification and descriptions, and accuracy assessment (AA) contingency tables. It also provides information on the aerial photographs and how they were interpreted. Detailed background information for each map class and attribute code contained in this data set is provided in the project report. http://www1.usgs.gov/vip/piro/pirogeodata.zip https://irma.nps.gov/App/Reference/Search doi:10.5066/F7FN145G The geographic information system (GIS) format spatial data set of vegetation for Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore (PIRO) was created by the National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Inventory Program (VIP). The PIRO covers an area of approximately 36,046 ha (89,072 acres). The map classification scheme used to create the vegetation data set is designed to represent local vegetation types at the finest level possible using the National Vegetation Classification (NVC) Standard (Vr 2). Physiognomic information was also recorded, including height (woody vegetation), canopy density, and coverage patterns. The vegetation data set was developed by interpreting aerial photographs collected in 2005 and extensive field surveys. Individuals who cooperated in this project include; USGS Center for Biological Informatics, NPS Biological Resources Management Division, USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, NPS Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, and NatureServe. The vegetation data are distributed as an ESRI format file geodatabase, stored in Universal Transverse Mercator zone 16 mapping coordinates, North American Datum 1983. The NPS VIP is an effort to classify, describe, and map existing vegetation of national park units. Managed by the NPS Biological Resources Management Division, the NPS VIP provides baseline vegetation information for the NPS Natural Resource I&M Program. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Vegetation Characterization Program lends a cooperative role in the NPS VIP. Vegetation layers and associated information support a wide variety of resource assessment, park management, and planning needs. They also provide structure for framing and answering critical scientific questions about vegetation communities and their relation to environmental processes across the landscape. 20051009 ground condition Complete None planned Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore and environs -86.630708 -85.966052 46.688352 46.412393 none National Lakeshore NPS Vegetation Inventory Program National Park Service U.S. Geological Survey Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore Vegetation Map Land Cover Land Use Photointerpretation Photo Interpretation Vegetation Mapping National Vegetation Classification Standard National Vegetation Classification System NVCS U.S. National Vegetation Classification USNVC NVC PIRO National Park Service Theme Category Thesaurus Biology Land Use / Cover Resource Management ISO 19115 Topic Category imageryBaseMapsEarthCover none Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore United States Michigan Alger County PIRO National Park System Unit Name Thesaurus Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore National Park System Unit Code Thesaurus PIRO None Standardized National Vegetation Classification System vegetation classification alliance community association Kingdom Plantae A computer software program capable of reading and displaying data stored as an ESRI format file geodatabase is required. 1) Those using the spatial database should understand the data and determine for themselves the fitness of the data prior to use. 2) For publication and dissemination, citations or credit should be given to the USGS Center for Biological Informatics, NPS Biological Resources Management Division, USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, NPS Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, and NatureServe. 3) Mention of trade names or commercial products in this metadata report does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. USGS Biological Resources Division, Center for Biological USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Coordinator mailing and physical address

USGS

Biological Resources Division, CBI

Building 810, Room 8000

PO BOX 25046, DFC, MS302

Denver CO 80225-0046 United States of America (303) 202-4220 303-202-4229 gs-b-npsveg@usgs.gov Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.2 (Build 3790) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.3500 The PIRO vegetation map has an overall attribute accuracy of 77.1% (Kappa index of 76.0%); calculated using information collected at 837 accuracy assessment sampling sites. All polygon features were checked for potential topology and attribute errors using the software program ArcGIS (version 9.2). Topology checks were performed to make sure each polygon was closed, no dangling features were present, each polygon contained a labeling point, and to make sure that no duplicate lines, polygons, or labels were present. All features identified by the photointerpreters were automated. Information stored in the map codes used by the photointerpreters (e.g., vegetation type, height, vegetation cover) are stored in the data set's attribute table and a series of lookup tables. The map codes are cross-referenced to the NVC (Vr2) at all physiognomic and floristic levels. The NPS VIP standard minimum mapping unit (MMU) of 0.5 ha (1.24 acres) was applied for mapping. For types unique to its immediate surroundings (e.g., emergent wetland within an upland forest setting), mapping occurred below the standard MMU down to 0.25 ha (0.62 acres). In addition, two sparse vegetation map classes were set with an MMU of 0.25 ha (0.62 acres). Furthermore, a secondary MMU of 2.0 ha (4.94 acres) was applied for physiognomic feature changes within a particular map class (e.g., open vs. closed forest). A set of MMU templates were used to help photointerpreters determine minimum polygon size during the interpretive process. Because of angle distortions inherent to nonrectified aerial photos, and slight scale changes from high ridges to valley bottoms, the MMU was applied liberally. The photointerpreted data were georeferenced and orthorectified using the software program Orthomapper, 3.75-minute USGS digital orthophoto quadrangles, and 1/3-degree national elevation data sets. The reference orthophotos have a horizontal root mean square error (RMSE) of no greater than 7.0 meters. Field control for the orthophoto's reference images were acquired by third order class 1 or better survey methods, sufficiently spaced to meet National Map Accuracy Standards (NMAS) for 1:12,000-scale products. No elevation information is stored in this data set. Instead, elevation data was used during the orthorectification process minimize or eliminate distortions caused by changes in elevation. NPS Vegetation Inventory Program 20051009 Color infrared diapositives and contact prints USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore Vegetation Mapping Project Fort Collins, Colorado NPS Natural Resource Inventory & Monitoring Program Contractor is Aerial Services, Inc. 2120 Center Street P.O. Box 336 Cedar Falls, IA 50613 319-277-0436 12000 Color Infrared Diapositive Aerial Photographs and Contact Prints 20051009 ground condition 12K Color IR Photos In October 2005, PIRO was photographed using color infrared film at a scale of 1:12,000. The timing of these photographs was intended to capture peak leaf color change, so distinctions between various deciduous forest types would be easier to see. These photographs were the primary images used during the photo interpretation process. USGS - National Mapping Division U.S. Geological Survey Unknown digital database file Sioux Falls, MN EROS Data Center A digital orthophoto is a digital image of an aerial photograph in which displacements caused by the camera and the terrain have been removed. It combines the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map. The standard digital orhthophoto produced by the USGS is a black-and-white, or color infrared, 1-meter ground resolution quarter quadrangle image. The accuracy and quality of USGS digital orthophotos must meet National Map Accuracy Standards at 1:12,000 scale for 3.75-minute quadrangles and at 1:24,000-scale for 7.5-minute quadrangles. http://eros.usgs.gov/#/Find_Data/Products_and_Data_Available/DOQs 12000 Digital database file unknown publication date USGS DOQ This data set was used during the orthorectification process of the interpreted photo overlays. The digital orthophoto quadrangles (DOQs) are used by the software program Orthomapper as an existing data set that has already been orthorectified (i.e., georeferenced, and elevation distortions have been removed). The photo overlays are aligned with the DOQs, then the software program uses data stored in the DOQ images along with available elevation data to georeference and remove elevation distortions from the photo overlays (i.e., orthorectify). U.S. Geological Survey Eros Data Center Unknown Digital database file Sioux Falls, SD U.S. Geological Survey The National Elevation Dataset (NED) 1/3 Arc Second is a raster product assembled by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). NED 1/3 Arc Second is designed to provide National elevation data in a seamless form with a consistent datum, elevation unit, and projection. Data corrections are made in the NED 1/3 Arc Second assembly process to minimize, but not eliminate, artifacts, perform edge matching, and fill sliver areas of missing data. NED 1/3 Arc Second has a resolution of 1/3 arc-second (approximately 10 meters) for the conterminous United States. http://gisdata.usgs.gov/website/seamless/viewer.htm Digital database file unknown unknown 1/3 NED Data Provided elevation data for the study area. Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore Vegetation Mapping Project U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center National Park Service, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore NatureServe 201006 database Fort Collins, Colorado NPS Natural Resource Inventory & Monitoring Program A map classification was developed specifically for the PIRO Vegetation Mapping Project. It includes a crosswalk to the NVC (Vr2) floristic and physiognomic levels (names and codes), and the 2001 National Land Cover Database (NLCD) classification for non-vegetation features. The final report for this mapping project contains a detailed listing of this classification scheme http://www.usgs.gov/core_science_systems/csas/vip/parks/piro.html database 20051009 ground condition PIRO Vegetation Classification Map classification defining polygon data (vegetation and general land cover). National Spatial Data Infrastructure, Federal Geographic Data Committee, Vegetation Subcommittee 2008 document Standards Vegetation Classification and Information Standards Reston, Virginia Federal Geographic Data Committee Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC). 2008. National vegetation classification standard, Version 2, FGDC-STD-005-2008 (Version 2). http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/vegetation document 19970601 publication date NVC Vr2 Standard vegetation classification standard used for classification structure. U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Unknown stable-base material La Crosse, Wisconsin U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center 12000 stable-base material 20041021 20041024 ground condition PIRO Photo Overlays The photo overlays contain the vegetation information developed by the photointerpreters. These data were used by the automation team to generate the digital database of land cover for Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore. U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program 2008 digital dataset La Crosse, Wisconsin U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center 12000 digital database 20041021 20041024 ground condition Orthorectified aerial photographs Provided the orthorectified surface used to orthorectify the photo overlays. U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program 2008 digital database La Crosse, Wisconsin U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center 12000 digital dataset 20041001 ground condition Orthorectified photo overlays Provided the orthorectified line work, used to create the geographic information system (GIS) dataset. United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service Unknown online Web site Baton Rouge, Louisiana USDA, NRCS, National Plant Data Center Program partners who participated in the development of the Plants Database include; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, US Army Corps of Engineers, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, Farm Services Agency, USDA, Forest Service, USDA, Rural Development, USDI, Bureau of Land Management, USDI, Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wetland Inventory, USDI, Geological Survey, USDC, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), University of Nebraska-Omaha and North Dakota State University, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale, FNA/Missouri Botanical Garden, and the Biota of North America Program. http://plants.usda.gov/ online database unknown access date USDA Plants Database The U.S. Department of Agriculture's online plant database was used as the source for plant names used in this project, both scientific and common names. The Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Forest Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Park Service National Resources Conservation Service LANDFIRE Bureau of Land Management U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Surface Mining Unknown Web page Sioux Falls, South Dakota Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium http://www.epa.gov/mrlc/nlcd-2001.html Web Page unknown publication date 2001 National Land Cover Class Definitions One of the lookup tables created for use with the PIRO vegetation data can be used to link those data to the 2001 National Lake Cover Dataset. Mapping vegetation of Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore (PIRO, also referred to as Lakeshore) and environs involved five primary steps: (1) preliminary map classification (2) field reconnaissance, (3) map classification, (4) photointerpretation, and (5) digital map automation and database development. Although these steps occurred sequentially, they overlap to some degree.ome degree. 20050109 Field Reconnaissance: Before photointerpretation was initiated, photointerpreters made several visits to the PIRO to perform field reconnaissance. Field visits were performed to a variety of locations within the PIRO. Printed copies of the aerial photos that would be used during the photointerpretation process were brought along so conditions on the ground could be compared to images contained in the photos. These trips helped the photointerpreters further establish the map classification, determine what vegetation types could be identified within the aerial photos, and establish mapping convention on how best to apply the mapping of the vegetation types. 12K Color IR Photos NVC Vr2 PIRO Vegetation Classification 20060501 Map Classification: The ultimate goal of the map classification was to represent the vegetation types of PIRO as determined by the vegetation classifiers (NatureServe). The photointerpreters cooperated with the vegetation specialists to determine which vegetation types and communities could be accurately identified using the aerial photography. Some of the classes appearing in the final vegetation map might be comprised of a single vegetation type as identified by the vegetation classifiers, others may contain one of several different types. Not all vegetation types/communities visible on the ground are identifiable in an aerial photograph. 12K Color IR Photos NVC Vr2 PIRO Vegetation Classification 20060601 Photointerpretation: Photointerpretation was performed using Richards MIM light tables and Bausch & Lomb Zoom 240 stereoscopes with variable zoom capabilities. Photointerpretation was performed on the October 2005 1:12,000-scale color infrared diapositives , using acetate overlays, Rapidograph ink pens (4x0-size, 0.18 mm) and Rapidraw black India ink (3084; waterproof, fast drying for film). Features within the entire project extent were mapped. Detailed information on how the photointerpretation processes were performed is available in the project's final report. 12K Color IR Photos PIRO Vegetation Classification 20070101 PIRO Photo Overlays Orthorectification: Each aerial photograph was scanned, producing a series of Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) images. The software program OrthoMapper was then used to register each image, establishing both horizontal and vertical coordinates. Existing orthophoto quadrangles (3.75-minute digital products) produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) were used to derive horizontal coordinates, and 1/3 arc second digital elevation models (DEMs) were used to derive vertical measurements. Once orthophotos were created from the scanned photographs, each photointerpreted overlay was scanned to create a 2-bit (black-and-white) TIFF image. The software OrthoMapper was then used to process each overlay, using the orthophoto created from overlay's corresponding aerial photograph to orthorectify the interpreted overlay. The individual orthorectified photos and overlays were then merged into workable groups for subsequent digitizing. PIRO Photo Overlays 12K Color IR Photos USGS DOQ 1/3 NED Data 20070601 Orthorectified aerial photographs Orthorectified photo overlays Conversion to GIS format files: The software program ArcGIS Desktop was then used to convert the orthorectified overlays into a GIS format data. The software program's ArcScan processing module was used to convert the raster images into vector data. A series of checks were performed to search for potential errors, then the photo interpreter's map classification codes were added to the vector data. Orthorectified photo overlays PIRO Photo Overlays 20081010 Creation of the Geodatabase: The attribute table of the initial GIS format vegetation map contained only the photointerpreter's map attribute codes. To make these data more meaningful, a series of lookup tables were created which contained items such as the map class names, physiognomic information (woody plant heights, area of coverage, distribution patterns), and all NVC Vr2 hierarchy codes and nomenclature when known and applicable, including the finest floristic level of the hierarchy, association. An ESRI format File Geodatabase was created to hold these data, as well as the vegetation point data that were collected for developing the vegetation classification and for the AA of the vegetation map, the project boundary extent, and aerial photograph information. A series of relationship class files were added to the file geodatabase, to make it easier for users to associate the lookup tables with the GIS datasets. 20080501 Accuracy Assessment: An in-depth accuracy project was performed on the geographic information system (GIS) format vegetation polygon data set (vegetation map). This was done to measure the probability of map accuracy (or, the absence of error). A series of computer selected random sampling sites were chosen for each map class in the data set. The mapping coordinates of these sites were then provided to field crews, who used global positioning system (GPS) receivers to locate each site. The land cover at each of these sites was compared to data developed by the photo interpreters, to determine the thematic accuracy of the data set. Detailed information on how this assessment was performed and its results are available in the project report. 20090515 U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Resource Mapping Team Leader mailing and physical address

2630 Fanta Reed Road

La Crosse Wisconsin 54603-1223 United States of America (608) 783-6451 (608) 783-8058 7:30 AM - 4:00 PM, M-F Ask receptionist to connect you with the Resource Mapping Team Leader. Vector G-polygon 4820 Universal Transverse Mercator 16 0.999600 -87.000000 0.000000 500000.000000 0.000000 coordinate pair 0.000100 0.000100 meters North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137.000000 298.257222 piro_vegpoly Feature class attribute table. PIRO VMP Veg Map feature class (piro_vegpoly layer). NPS Vegetation Inventory Program OBJECTID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features. Map_Class Map class polygon code NPS Vegetation Inventory Program Map class codes. Map_Physio String of physiognomic modifier code NPS Vegetation Inventory Program Physiognomic codes. Map_Dvlp Special modifier codes for only the Developed (NDV) map class NPS Vegetation Inventory Program Special modifier codes. Perimeter Perimeter of feature in internal units. ESRI Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Area Area of feature in internal units. ESRI Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Acres Polygon Area in Acres. National Park Service Unique numbers - user defined. Hectares Polygon Area in Hectares. National Park Service Unique numbers - user defined. Shape_Length Length of feature in internal units. ESRI Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Shape_Area Area of feature in internal units squared. ESRI Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. vegmap_aa Thematic accuracy assessment results NPS Vegetation Inventory Program vegpoly_clsf Map Class assignments to veg map polygons NPS Vegetation Inventory Program vegpoly_dvlp Developed Modifier assignments to "NDV" veg map polygons NPS Vegetation Inventory Program vegpoly_nlcd2001 Map Class crosswalk to National Land-Cover Database (NLCD 2001) classification NPS Vegetation Inventory Program vegpoly_nvc2_cultural Map Class crosswalk to NVCvr2 cultural types NPS Vegetation Inventory Program vegpoly_nvc2_lower Map Class crosswalk to NVCvr2 natural/semi-natural floristic types NPS Vegetation Inventory Program vegpoly_nvc2_middle Map Class crosswalk to NVCvr2 natural/semi-natural middle NPS Vegetation Inventory Program vegpoly_nvc2_upper Map Class crosswalk to NVCvr2 natural/semi-natural upper physiognomic type NPS Vegetation Inventory Program vegpoly_physio Physiognomic Modifier assignments to veg map polygons NPS Vegetation Inventory Program Basic information about the polygons are contained in the Map_Class, Map_Physio, and Map_Dvlp fields. Additional information is brought to the dataset via reltionship classes. For feature class and relationship table field information, see vegpoly_scheme within the geodatabase. Unknown USGS/CSS/Core Science Analytics and Synthesis USGS-NPS Vegetation Characterization Program Coordinator mailing and physical address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, MS 302

Denver Colorado 80225 (303) 202-4220 303-202-4219 gs-b-npsveg@usgs.gov Downloadable Data The U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. These data and related graphics (if available) are not legal documents and are not intended to be used as such. The information contained in these data is dynamic and may change over time. The data are not better than the original sources from which they were derived. It is the responsibility of the data user to use the data appropriately and consistent within the limitations of geospatial data in general and these data in particular. Any related graphics (if available) are intended to aid the data user in acquiring relevant data; it is not approriate to use the related graphics as data. The U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service gives no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of these data. It is strongly recommended that these data are directly acquired from an U.S. Geological Survey and National Park Service servers and not indirectly through other sources which may have changed the data in some way. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the utility of the data on another system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data and aggregate use with other data. It is also strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this metadata report does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U. S. Department of the Interior, U. S. Geological Survey and National Park Service. HTML http://www.usgs.gov/core_science_systems/csas/vip/parks/piro.html Internet Access None 20100625 20100809 USGS/CSS/Core Science Analytics and Synthesis USGS-NPS Vegetation Characterization Program Coordinator mailing and physical address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, MS 302

Denver Colorado 80225 (303) 202-4220 303-202-4219 gs-b-npsveg@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999 http://www.usgs.gov/core_science_systems/csas/metadata/index.html