U.S. Geological Survey 2003 remote-sensing image Earth Data Analysis Center, Remote Sensing Division. Muldavin, E., P. Neville, P. Arbetan, Y. Chauvin, A. Browder, and T. Neville. 2003. A vegetation map of Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico. Natural Heritage New Mexico Publ. No. 03-GTR-258. Natural Heritage New Mexico. 102 p. http://www1.usgs.gov/vip/cave/cavesat.zip doi:10.5066/F7DB7ZRW IKONOS and Landsat ETM+ image merge for Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico. The image has a spatial resolution of 12 meters and is comprised of 11 layers. The image was used in the classification of the vegetation map for the park. Provide high resolution spatial and spectral resolution data for creating a vegetation map of the park. There were some unforeseen complications in using the IKONOS imagery. Contrary to expectations, two separate IKONOS images were acquired by SpaceImaging to cover the park (the original order had been for one uniform image). One image covered the eastern half of the park and was acquired on August 27, 2000; the other was acquired on September 29, 2000 and covered the western half. Although the two images were only a month apart, the differences in viewing geometries, solar illumination geometries, and vegetative phenologies were sufficient such that, for classification purposes, they had to be analyzed separately, leading to the development of two maps rather than one. In addition, the eastern image had cloud and shadow coverage, which was well within the 20% or less cloud coverage guaranteed by SpaceImaging , but it still obscured a north-central portion of the park. To address the problems of temporal differences and cloud cover, ETM+ satellite imagery was used to provide data continuity over the two separate images and to infill clouded areas. While ETM+ covers more of the spectrum than the IKONOS data with seven bands stretching from blue to far-infrared, it is coarser at a resolution of 30 m versus 4 m and 1 m. The first four bands of ETM+ data are almost identical to the MS data, but the last three cover spectral and emissive responses in the mid-infrared and thermal infrared wavelengths. The mid-infrared bands are useful for detecting variations in surface geology and soil discrimination which are important in developing mapping units of the vegetation communities in sparsely vegetated areas that occur within the study area. The thermal infrared response is recorded at the coarsest spatial resolution, but these wavelengths directly measure surface temperature and indirectly the moisture content, which can be important for discriminating between different plant and soil types (Elachi 1987). The ETM+ scene used for the project was acquired over the area on April 16, 2000, by the Landsat 7 platform, and was of good quality with no clouds, cirrus or scan line defects. A spring scene was purposely chosen to help further differentiate among vegetation communities by detecting seasonal differences between evergreen and deciduous plant species. 20000827 20000929 20000416 ground condition Complete None planned Carlsbad Caverns National Park and environs -104.691556 -104.574567 32.187939 32.036691 None IKONOS Landsat ETM+ Landsat Landsat ETM satellite imagery National Park Service Theme Category Thesaurus none ISO 19115 Topic Category none None Carlsbad Caverns National Park Carlsbad New Mexico National Park System Unit Name Thesaurus none National Park System Unit Code Thesaurus none None. NHNM provides these geographic data "as is" and makes no guarantee or warranty concerning the accuracy of information contained in the geographic data. NHNM further makes no warranties, either expressed or implied as to any other matter whatsoever, including, without limitation, the condition of the product, or its fitness for any particular purpose. The burden for determining fitness for use lies entirely with the user. Although these data have been processed successfully on computers at NHNM, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by NHNM regarding the use of these data on any other system, nor does the fact of distribution constitute or imply any such warranty. In no event shall NHNM have any liability whatsoever for payment of any consequential, incidental, indirect, special, or tort damages of any kind, including, but not limited to, any loss of profits arising out of use of or reliance on the geographic data or arising out of the delivery, installation, operation, or support by NHNM. New Mexico Natural Heritage Program - Department of Biology - UNM Teri Neville GIS Coordinator mailing address

MSC03 2020, 1 University of New Mexico

Albuquerque New Mexico 87131-0001 USA 505-277-3822 x230 505-277-3844 tneville@unm.edu 9:00 am - 5:00 pm, MST U.S. Geological Survey Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.1850 Unknown Unknown See report: Muldavin, E., P. Neville, P. Arbetan, Y. Chauvin, A. Browder, and T. Neville. 2003. A vegetation map of Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico. Natural Heritage New Mexico Publ. No. 03-GTR-258. Natural Heritage New Mexico. 102 p. Unknown Metadata imported. D:\GISData\CAVEImage\eastpan.img.xml 20090327 Metadata imported. D:\GISData\CAVEImage\east12m.img.xml 20090327 Raster Pixel 1394 915 Universal Transverse Mercator 13 0.999600 -105.000000 0.000000 500000.000000 0.000000 row and column 12.000000 12.000000 meters North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137.000000 298.257222 west12m.img.vat Table Natural Heritage New Mexico OID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Value Value of the individual pixels ERDAS Unique whole numbers. Count Number of pixels for a class ERDAS Unique whole numbers. west12m.img(Layer_2).vat Table Natural Heritage New Mexico OID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Value Value of the individual pixels ERDAS Unique whole numbers. Count Number of pixels for a class ERDAS Unique whole numbers. west12m.img(Layer_3).vat Table Natural Heritage New Mexico OID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Value Value of the individual pixels ERDAS Unique whole numbers. Count Number of pixels for a class ERDAS Unique whole numbers. west12m.img(Layer_4).vat Table Natural Heritage New Mexico OID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Value Value of the individual pixels ERDAS Unique whole numbers. Count Number of pixels for a class ERDAS Unique whole numbers. west12m.img(Layer_5).vat Table Natural Heritage New Mexico OID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Value Value of the individual pixels ERDAS Unique whole numbers. Count Number of pixels for a class ERDAS Unique whole numbers. west12m.img(Layer_6).vat Table Natural Heritage New Mexico OID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Value Value of the individual pixels ERDAS Unique whole numbers. Count Number of pixels for a class ERDAS Unique whole numbers. west12m.img(Layer_7).vat Table Natural Heritage New Mexico OID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Value Value of the individual pixels ERDAS Unique whole numbers. Count Number of pixels for a class ERDAS Unique whole numbers. west12m.img(Layer_8).vat Table Natural Heritage New Mexico OID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Value Value of the individual pixels ERDAS Unique whole numbers. Count Number of pixels for a class ERDAS Unique whole numbers. west12m.img(Layer_9).vat Table Natural Heritage New Mexico OID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Value Value of the individual pixels ERDAS Unique whole numbers. Count Number of pixels for a class ERDAS Unique whole numbers. west12m.img(Layer_10).vat Table Natural Heritage New Mexico OID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Value Value of the individual pixels ERDAS Unique whole numbers. Count Number of pixels for a class ERDAS Unique whole numbers. west12m.img(Layer_11).vat Table Natural Heritage New Mexico OID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Value Value of the individual pixels ERDAS Unique whole numbers. Count Number of pixels for a class ERDAS Unique whole numbers. Bands: 1 - Landsat mid-infrared band 5 2 - Landsat mid-infrared band 7 3 - NDVI 4 - NDVI texture 5 - near infrared 6 - panchromatic texture 7 - panchromatic 8 - thermal infrared 9 - visible blue 10 - visible green 11 - visible red NHNM Band Spatial Resolution Wavelength (microns) Spectral Location IKONOS Pan 1m (3 ft) 0.45-0.52 Visible/Near-Infrared MS1 4m (13 ft) 0.51-0.60 Visible Blue MS2 4m (13 ft) 0.51-0.60 Visible Green MS3 4m (13 ft) 0.63-0.70 Visible Red MS4 4m (13 ft) 0.76-0.85 Near-Infrared LANDSAT ETM+1 30m (98 ft) 0.45-0.52 Visible Blue ETM+2 30m (98 ft) 0.52-0.60 Visible Green ETM+3 30m (98 ft) 0.63-0.69 Visible Red ETM+4 30m (98 ft) 0.76-0.90 Near-infrared ETM+5 30m (98 ft) 1.55-1.75 Mid-infrared ETM+6 60m (197 ft) 10.4-12.5 Thermal Infrared ETM+7 30m (98 ft) 2.08-2.35 Mid-infrared NHNM USGS/CSS/Core Science Analytics and Synthesis USGS-NPS Vegetation Characterization Program Coordinator mailing and physical address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, MS 302

Denver Colorado 80225 (303) 202-4220 303-202-4219 gs-b-npsveg@usgs.gov Downloadable Data The U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. These data and related graphics (if available) are not legal documents and are not intended to be used as such. The information contained in these data is dynamic and may change over time. The data are not better than the original sources from which they were derived. It is the responsibility of the data user to use the data appropriately and consistent within the limitations of geospatial data in general and these data in particular. Any related graphics (if available) are intended to aid the data user in acquiring relevant data; it is not approriate to use the related graphics as data. The U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service gives no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of these data. It is strongly recommended that these data are directly acquired from an U.S. Geological Survey and National Park Service servers and not indirectly through other sources which may have changed the data in some way. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the utility of the data on another system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data and aggregate use with other data. It is also strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this metadata report does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U. S. Department of the Interior, U. S. Geological Survey and National Park Service. HTML http://www.usgs.gov/core_science_systems/csas/vip/parks/cave.html Internet Access None 20090327 20100708 USGS/CSS/Core Science Analytics and Synthesis USGS-NPS Vegetation Characterization Program Coordinator mailing and physical address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, MS 302

Denver Colorado 80225 (303) 202-4220 303-202-4219 gs-b-npsveg@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999 http://www.usgs.gov/core_science_systems/csas/metadata/index.html